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RAFFLESIA MANILLANA. 211 
ippinensts, which is evidently the same species as R. manillana 
Teschem. The female flower has not been previously described. 
The material of Rafflesia manillana from Mount Maquiling 
was parasitic on a species of Cissus. The male and female flow- 
ers have the same general appearance. (A male flower is shown 
in fig. 1 and a female one in fig. 2.) The differences seen in 
the photographs are individual variations and are not character- 
istics of the sexes. When fully expanded the flowers are from 
15 to 20 cm in breadth and from 7 to 9 cm in height. The base 
of the flower is embedded in a cup-shaped mass of tissue formed 
from the root of the host (figs. 3, 9, 10). The outer surface of 
this tissue is rough but not reticulate as in R. arnoldi R. Br. 
The young buds (fig. 9) are enveloped in several series of 
sessile, imbricate, coriaceous, brown, broadly ovate, rounded 
bracts with prominent veins, the inner of which become gradually 
larger. When the flower is expanded the innermost bracts are 
about 7 cm long and 5.5 cm wide. As the bud expands these 
+ 
bracts become broken so that usually only the inner ones and 
the basal portion of the outer ones remain attached to the fully 
expanded flower. 
When the flowers first open they have a light reddish-brown 
color. This color gradually grows darker until it becomes black 
in old flowers. The perianth (figs. 1-3) consists of a broad, some- 
what turbinate tube 7 to 9 cm in diameter, bearing 5 suborbicular 
to subreniform lobes. The lobes are about 7 cm broad and 5 
■ 
cm long, at first spreading, in age becoming recurved. The per- 
ianth-tube is crowned inside by a prominent, continuous, in- 
curved annulus, the tube, inside, being about 2.5 cm deep. The 
inner surface of the tube and annulus is thickly spotted with 
white warty patches. These increase in length from a fraction 
of a mm at the base of the tube to nearly a cm at the top (figs. 
1, 3). At the base of the tube these consist of rounded masses 
on slender stalks, but as they increase in size they become sessile. 
The inner surface of the lobes is spotted with smooth, white, 
raised patches (figs. 1, 2). In the center of the flower (figs. 1-4) 
there is a large column which rises from a circular, basal disk, 
thickly beset with stout brown hairs. The column terminates 
in an expanded, circular, convex disk surrounded by a raised 
margin. On the top of the disk there are from 10 to 30 large 
raised processes. The tips of these processes and the margin of 
the disk are densely brown-tomentose. The column is about 2 
cm in height and the disk at its summit 4.5 cm broad. 
