THE PINEDA MONUMENT. 3^7 
work indicated by Zaragoza, nor could he have visited many 
islands of the Archipelago as stated by him. As to the place 
called Pineda, this was until recently the official name of the 
present town of Pasay, immediately south of Manila. In fact 
on one Spanish map, drawn as late as 1896, Pineda is given as 
the only name of the town now kn6wn as Pasay. 
There is evidence that a botanic garden was in existence in 
the city of Manila at the time of the arrival of the Malaspina 
Expedition, but the only definite reference to it that I have been 
able to find is the following quotation from an article written 
by James Britten/^ the data for which were taken from Des- 
champs' manuscripts in the library of the British Museum, 
and from other sources. '^Norona died at the Isle de France of 
an obstruction of the liver, contracted in Madagascar * * *. 
The Spaniards have erected a monument to the memory of their 
indefatigable countryman in the island of Luzon, near Manilla, 
on ground belonging to the royal botanic garden, which, during 
his residence there, Dr. Norona had done everything in his 
power to bring into order, and to stock with many valuable 
plants." 
Noronha died in 1787, according to Colmeiro,^^ and according 
to corroborative evidence given by Britten, who quotes from 
Dupetit-Thouars "Genera Nova Madagascariensia/' which is 
direct evidence that a botanic garden was in existence near 
Manila before the arrival of the Malaspina Expedition. It has 
been impossible, however, to find any traces of the Noronha 
monument, nor have any other published references to it been 
noted. / 
Mr. A. E. W. Salt, of the University of the Philippines, who 
has made an exhaustive examination of the archives of the city 
of Manila, has found no references to a botanic garden earlier 
than the one established in the zone of fortification of the Walled 
City in 1858. This, however, applies only to such an institution 
as might have been established or supported by the city of 
Manila. No references, naturally, would be found in the city 
archives to an institution belonging to the central government. 
If the Pineda monument localized this long forgotten botanic 
garden, as it probably did, the institution was certainly located 
outside of the limits of the city of Manila, as the city was 
constituted from 1780 to 1800. 
" Bibliographical Notes XXX. — L. A. Deschamps and F. Noronha. Joum. 
Bot. 41 (1903) 282-285. 
»L. c. 214. 
