FUNGOUS BOOT-TUBERCLES. 



79 



as the digestive cells of Alnus, orchids 



carpus 



development of the sporanges the fungus, as 



mass, be 



more 



le and haematoxy- 

 All of the indica- 



tions are in favor of the view that the content of 



sporanges has escaped but whether in the form of a swarm 

 spore or otherwise could not be determined. When the fun- 

 gus is in this stage the host cells contain very irregular 



nuclei (f. 



and serial stages may be 



nuclear content grad 



mam 



ultimately 



dwindles away until finally 

 id the nuclear membrane re- 

 disaDDear. Thus there is a 



strug. 



fungu 



destruction 



being its most 

 the cell migl 



be 



may arise whether 

 the nucleus is de- 



stroyed; all indications are negative, however, being quite 



similar to those w T hich Gerassimoff 



obtained with enu- 



cleated Spirogyra cells which had but a short life even though 



m 



Just 



how far the fungus and the 



have been mu 



jurious, and which one outlives the other, is a difficult ques- 

 tion to answer. If the destruction of the nucleus signifies the 

 ceasing of cell activity, then the host cell is destroyed by the 

 fungus which in turn dies from starvation. According to 

 Zach (60) the host cell destroys or digests the fungus, leav- 

 ing but a portion of undigestible material to which he ap- 



" but no statement is made as 



term 



to what the cell does after it has gone through this digestive 



conditions are found in the tubercles of 



process 



Similar 



Cycas, but here Zach points out that both host cell and fun- 

 be destroyed. Certainly in Elaeagnus the host cell 



may 



and the fungus both die as a result of their relationship and 

 there is no indication of such a perfect symbiosis as occurs 

 in the alder and Podocarpus, although it may be true that 

 the normal cells surrounding the infected ones derive some 

 slight benefit from the fungus. Long after the apparent de- 



