44 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
of the grape shoots and grafts due to Botrytis. Numerous 
sclerotia were produced on the stems. Later, in 1897, 
Prillieux (41) was able to produce ascospores from the 
sclerotia formed on the shoots of grape. Tubeuf (61), after 
a number of attempts, obtained only conidia, while Zopf (71) 
found that he was able to produce apothecia after the sclerotia 
remained dormant at least one year. 
During the next few years a number of writers in France, 
Germany and Italy described maladies affecting different 
parts of the grape plant. Finally, in 1905, Istvanffi (28), in 
an excellent paper, established the connection of Botrytis 
cinerea with Sclerotinia Fuckeliana. The author finds that 
the botrytis form of the fungus lives saprophytically on fallen 
leaves, twigs and fruits, during the early season. The conidia 
develop with great rapidity on the arrival of warm, moist 
weather and, when transferred to the growing foliage, 
' germinate to produce a parasitic mycelium. The Botrytis 
attacks the ripening fruit in autumn, often causing great 
loss. Sclerotia are formed abundantly on the fruits and also 
on the cuttings made during the summer. The fungus may 
be carried over the winter in stratified cuttings and young 
shoots. 
Istvanffi finds that the sclerotia develop on every part of the 
plant, appearing as small yellow papilla, consisting of a 
gelatinous mass which soon becomes hard and darker in 
color. The mycelium passes through the wood by way of 
the medullary rays, and sclerotia may be formed under 
the bark of the stems and shoots. 
It is sufficient to say that the sclerotia are of the carti- 
laginous type, composed of two parts, a cortical layer, formed 
by the swelling of the filaments at the surface, and the pseudo- 
parenchyma inside, formed by the coalescing of the my- 
celium. During the formation of the sclerotia large drops of 
a colorless fluid are exuded. In addition to the larger 
sclerotia, small cone-shaped, striated pseudo-sclerotia are 
formed which, after a brief period of rest, germinate in the fall 
to produce large tufts of conidiophores. 
