148 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
(a) A temporary decrease in total number of bacteria 
present, with a subsequent large increase: Kriiger and 
Heinze (3), Massen and Behn (4), Pfeiffer (5), Hiltner 
and Stérmer (6), Russell and Hutchinson (1), Hutchin- 
son (7), and Fred (2). 
(b) An increase in oxidation: Fischer (8), Hesselink 
von Suchtelen (9), and Darbshire and Russell (10). 
(c) An increase in ammonification: Stérmer (11), 
Scherp (12), Laidlow and Price (13), Lipman (14), and 
Russell and Hutchinson (1). 
(d) <A detrimental effect upon nitrification: Waring- 
ton (15), Scherp (12), Laidlow and Price (13), Perraud 
(16), Pfeiffer (5), Wagner (17), and Russell and Hutchin- 
son (1). 
(e) A beneficial effect upon nitrification: Brailles (19), 
Wollney (20), Pagnoul (21), Stérmer (11), Hiltner and 
Stérmer (6), Coleman (22), Lipman (14), Koch (23), 
and Fred (2). 
(f) A detrimental effect upon nitrogen fixation: 
Stérmer (11), Koch (23), Massen and Behn (4), and 
Koch and associates (24). 
(g) <A beneficial effect upon nitrogen fixation: Kram- 
skii (25), Heinze (26), Lipman (14), and Fred (2). 
(h) A detrimental effect upon denitrification: Wagner 
(17), Hiltner and Stérmer (8), Stérmer (11), Lipman 
(14), and Fred (2). 
(1) In regard to the offect upon nodule organisms: 
Wollney (20), and Nobbe and Richter, believed such bene- 
ficial, while Perrotti (28), Koch (23), and Fruwirth (29) 
held to the opposite view. 
In addition to the above, Hiltner and Stérmer, and Russell 
and Hutchinson have studied with some care the flora, as 
a whole, prior and subsequent to treatment; and they found 
that certain types were detrimentally and others indirectly 
beneficially affected. Russell and Hutchinson have also 
studied, more or less, the effect of such treatment upon the 
micro-fauna and, as a result, claim that all types of animal 
