104 
Usually the organism exhibited but little virulence in animals, and the authors 
were unable to communicate the disease, even to monkeys. In three cases they 
also encountered staphylococci in association with this organism, and in one each 
a bacillus and a streptothrix, respectively. 
In the same year, Brocq and Veillon (28) cultivated, from a case of Aleppo boil, 
a streptothrix, which, according to Legrain, was similar to the cladothrix of 
Madura foot. Inoculation into man was without result. 
Djelaleddin-Moukhtar (29) also found a streptococcus in a case of Aleppo boil 
which he believed to be identical with the streptococcus of erysipelas. 
Crendiropoulo (30) encountered in Camaran, in numerous cases of the Yemen 
ulcer,’ a small bacillus together with different saprophytic organisms and pyogenic 
cocci. A detailed description of the organism is given in his article. It was 
pathogenic for rabbits and doves, in large amounts causing septicaemia and in 
small amounts local infection and ulcerations which contained but little pus. 
Babes concluded that this organism probably belongs to the Proteus group of 
bacteria. Such bacilli he frequently encountered in chronie ulcerations of the 
skin in connection with the pyogenic cocci. 
In 1891 Firth (31) claimed that he had also found, in the lesions of Delhi boil, 
the bodies described by Cunningham. He proposed the name NSporozoa furun- 
culosa for the parasite, although he did not give any more distinctive proof than 
Cunningham that the bodies which were encountered by him were really of a 
parasitic nature, 
In 1898 Borowsky (32) in the study of twenty cases of Sarten ulcer constantly 
found in the secretions and in the ulcers themselves certain organisms which 
resembled protozoa. In the hanging drop, the parasites had an active motility 
and were spherical or spindle shaped. They measured from 0.5 to 3 mw in size. 
The cell body stained but faintly. ‘The nucleus was placed eccentrically. In 
dried preparations the organisms were very numerous. Frequently they were 
encountered within the lymphoid cells and red corpuscles. In sections the 
parasites were so numerous that sometimes their boundaries could not be distin- 
guished. Only the nucleus, which stained well with Loeffler’s methylene-blue, 
could be differentiated. Accumulations of the parasites also occurred outside of 
the cells. They then appeared as a group of round bodies with faintly stained 
protoplasm and eccentrically placed nuclei. Borowsky was not successful in 
staining the chromatin bodies nor did he succeed in cultivating the parasite in 
artificial media. 
Schulgin, (33) in 1902, examined fourteen cases of this disease and confirmed 
the conclusions of Borowsky. He believed that the parasites multiplied by divi- 
sion and that he could distinguish young forms of the organism in the tissues. 
He also suggests that the disease is conveyed by the bites of mosquitoes. 
In 1903, as mentioned above, Wright, (1) in the study of a case of tropical 
uleer which occurred in a child from Armenia, found certain bodies which bear 
a resemblance to the so-called Leishman-Donovan bodies. Wright carefully de- 
scribed these forms and proposed for them the name of Helcosoma tropicum. The 
organisms were generally round, sharply defined in outline, and from 2 to 4 uw in 
diameter. A large part of their peripheral portions was stained a pale robin’s- 
egg blue, while their centers were unstained or white. A very prominent ‘feature 
was the presence in each of the bodies of a larger and a smaller lilac-colored mass. 
The larger, about one-fourth or one-third the size of the body, was of variable 
shape but always formed a part of the rounded periphery; the smaller in some 
instances was round, in others rodshaped, and in the latter case was of a deeper 
* By many observers the “Yemen ulcer” is regarded as identical with “Tropical 
sloughing phagedzna.” 
