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them inside the red-blood cells, concluded that they belonged to the genus 
Piroplasma. Later, Marchand and Leidingham, (39) Manson and Low, 
(40) Bentley (41) and Christophers, (42) Castellani (43) and others, 
all contributed cases of dum-dum fever, kala-azar, or splenomegaly, 
infected with these parasites. Marchand and Leidingham inclined to 
the original idea of Leishman that they were of trypanosomal origin. 
Finally, Leonard Rogers (44) and Chatterjee (45) have stated that try- 
panosoma have developed in their cultures of the Leishman-Donovan 
bodies. These parasites have been found in the spleen, liver, bone- 
marrow, intestinal ulcers, lymph glands, and, according to Laveran and 
Donovan, within the red-blood cells. 
As we have seen, similar, if not identical, forms have been encountered 
in a number of cases of Oriental sore. And in addition Donovan and 
Christophers have found these bodies in small and large ulcers of the 
skin in cases of tropical splenomegaly ; though Christophers emphasizes 
the fact that he never detected these bodies where there was no gencral 
infection with the parasite. 
After carefully perusing all the articles of the various observers on 
this subject, and particularly on comparing their different illustrations, 
the questions arise: Are the bodies described in all cases of tropical 
splenomegaly, kala-azar, and Delhi sore identical, and what is their origin 
and nature? Are they forms of trypanosomata; or are they piroplasmata 
or sporozoa, or some other form of parasitic life? These questions we' are 
not at present in a position to answer. However, had good photomicro- 
graphs been prepared in all cases, as in Wright’s report, the solution of 
some of these problems might have been made easier. 
NATURE AND RELATIONSHIP OF THE BODIES ENCOUNTERED IN 
ORIENTAL SORE, 
Wright, in his paper, makes no comment upon the question of the 
relation between his bodies and those described by Borowsky in 1898 and 
Schulgin in 1902. One can not be sure that they all were encountering 
the same forms. Leishman’s paper appeared in 1903, after the publica- 
tion of Borowsky’s and Schulgin’s articles, and doubtless after Wright’s 
report had left his hands. Marzinowsky and Bogrow in their considera- 
tion of the subject, are not entirely convinced that Borowsky and Schulgin 
really encountered parasites in their cases. The latter authors described 
forms within the red-blood cells which Marzinowsky and Bogrow did not 
observe. However, they consider their organisms to be identical with 
those which Wright described, and they believe that, while the bodies they 
encountered were probably related to the trypanosomata, they showed 
noteworthy differences from them. From a comparison of the photomicro- 
graphs of the two articles, it is difficult for me to be sure that the bodies 
described by Wright and those by Marzinowsky and Bogrow are really 
