forein the egg a short distance into the soft material in which the 
55 
burrow lies. 
Egg.—The egg is slender, 2.4 millimeters long and 0.6 millimeter wide at the 
middle, slightly more pointed at one and than at the other, and of a very light 
ocher. The shell appears perfectly smooth and shiny, but when examined under 
the microscope the surface is seen to be finely reticulated. (PI. VI, figs. 1 
and 1 b.) 
Larva.—The larva does not vary essentially in general characteristics from the 
time of hatching until it is fully developed. Full grown, it measures from 35 to 55 
millimeters in length and from 18 to 22 millimeters in diameter. The greatest 
diameter is slightly behind the middle. The hinder part of the body forms a 
coneavo-convex extension, a blunt spoon or scoop-shaped organ. 
The head is from 10 to 12 millimeters long and 7.5 to 8 millimeters wide. 
Seen from above, it is of a regular oval outline. It is of a dark-chestnut brown, 
with a slight reddish tinge, and with a lighter median and 2 submedian narrow 
stripes marking the sutures. (PI. VI, fig. 2.) 
The space around the mouth parts and the latter themselves are of a dark 
brown, with the exception of the upper lip and clypeus, which are lighter, The 
triangular portion of the head, immediately above the mouth, is transversely 
rugose, with a longitudinal furrow on each side of its middle. The remainder, 
including the cheeks and occiput, is engraved with very shallow reticulations, 
giving the appearance of a piece of alligator skin in miniature. The smooth, 
dark-brown, subtriangular, rather blunt mandibles are exposed on each side of the 
mouth; the upper lip, or labrum, lying between them, and reaching nearly to 
their tips, is provided with numerous bristle-like hairs. The larva has no 
antenne, but the maxillary and labial palpi are well developed and doubtless serve 
as feelers. It has no eyes. The underlip, or labium, is subtriangular and rather 
sniall, but quite fleshy; the palpi project conspicuously from each side of its tip. 
(Pl. VI, fig. 3.) It is supposed that the surface of all these organs is highly 
sensitive and that the insect can tell desirable food by touch. The head shows 
erect hairs placed at regular intervals, 5 on each side of the top and 3 back of 
each mandible. Portions of the front of the head, and the mandibles, appear as 
if having been rubbed off by friction with the substance in which the larva lives, 
so that these parts have a dull, almost black or matte appearance. . 
The body is composed of a series of 13 rings very much folded and wrinkled, 
the surface being of a smooth, velvety texture, except in certain spots, which are 
decidedly shiny. On the back of the first segment appear 2 transverse, oblong 
patches of a darker color than the remainder of the body, with a surface similar 
to that of the head and serving as a protection to the animal in its movements in 
the small galleries in which it works. There are similar lighter areas at the 
sides of the first 3, or thoracic, segments, which are somewhat swollen and serve 
in lieu of legs. Scattered over the entire surface are tiny, circular or irregular 
shiny areas, from each of which arises a small curved bristle. On next to the 
last segment of the body, dorsally situated, are also irregular shiny patches, each 
with 6 bristles. The last segment has the upper surface concave, and the lower 
convex; the posterior margin, which is slightly darker than the rest and smooth 
and shiny, is flattened out and has four prominences, from each of which project 
two rather long bristles. The spots from which they project are lighter in color. 
The wrinkles of the body are nearly symmetrical. (PI. VII, fig. 1.) The body 
curves downward, so that the back is very convex, while the underside is some- 
what coneave, except just back of the middle, where it is convex, then suddenly 
tapering to the tip. 
