198 
this class of bodies. Its deportment toward dehydrating agents and 
toward metallic sodium shows that it contains no substances of an alco- 
holic nature; furthermore it readily adds halhydric acids and bromine. 
Despite many attempts, it was not possible to secure from the oil a 
solid derivative which could be purified by crystallization. Products 
similar to this one are found in many of the essential oils of commerce, but 
besides cadinene, which has already been considered in a previous part of 
this article, in only one case have investigators been able to isolate, either 
directly or indirectly, an individual substance from such products. By 
treating certain fractions obtained from oil of cloves and oil of copaiba 
with a mixture of acetic and dilute sulphuric acid, Wallach® isolated a 
crystalline substance having the empirical-molecular formula required for 
a sesquiterpene hydrate, the hypothetical mother substance of which was 
named caryophyllen. The application of this treatment to the oil from 
Balao did not give rise to a solid derivative. A number of definite bodies, 
having the general formula C,,H,, and known as terpenes, have been 
shown to exist, but it is very seldom that they can be separated in a pure 
condition by the ordinary physical methods. The application to sesqui- 
terpenes of the methods by which the individual terpenes have been suc- 
cessfully isolated and identified has not led to fruitful results, and a 
very interesting field is here offered for a more exhaustive study of this 
interesting and important class of bodies, with a view primarily of iden- 
tifying and separating the individual components of the sesquiterpene 
mixtures. 
MALAPAHO: OLL OF PANAO. 
Several samples of this product, each accompanied by botanical mate- 
rial, were examined. The species was determined to be Dipterocarpus 
vernicifiuus Blanco. The resin does not appear to be so widely used as 
Balao, probably because it dries much more slowly. The method ap- 
plied to its extraction from the tree is identical with that used for Balao ; 
it is said that a flow of a gallon per day is sometimes obtained. The fresh 
resin is a white, viscous, sticky fluid having a characteristic odor which 
serves to distinguish it from other similar products. It absorbs oxygen 
from the air and on standing becomes dark brown in color. Even when 
exposed in a very thin film, it hardens very slowly. On heating the resin 
to 100° its mobility increases, this behavior being different from that of 
Balao. It appears completely to dissolve in ether and chloroform with 
the exception of the separation of water; it is only partially soluble in 
alcohol and benzol; none of its constituents dissolve in water. All of 
the different samples were found to consist of water, sesquiterpene oil, 
and solids. On subjecting the resin to distillation with a free flame its 
behavior is similar to that of Balao. A fresh sample from Ambos Cama- 
rines gave 25 cent of water, 35 per cent of oil, and 40 per cent of solid 
* Ann. d. Chemie (Liebig) (1892), 271, 288. 
