199 
residue. The distillation was discontinued at the point where decom- 
position became evident. Another sample showed a somewhat different 
percentage of water and of oil, the difference probably being due to the 
time and method of collecting. 
The sesquiterpene oil obtained from Malapaho redistilled almost completely 
between 256° and 261° at 760 millimeters, which is a little lower than the boiling 
point of the oil from Balao. On further purification under reduced pressure a 
perfectly colorless product was obtained, boiling almost entirely within 3°. 
fe] 
Specific gravity, (Jp) = 0.9165. Rotation, —54° (10 centimeters, 30°). 
° 
« 
The solid product resulting from the distillation of Malapaho is similar 
to that from Apitong, although lighter in color. When subjected to de- 
structive distillation it yields about 50 per cent of a liquid which partly 
refractions between 200° to 300°, leaving a residue which has the con- 
sistency of rosin oil. As was the case with Balao, it was not possible 
further to identify any of the constituents of the volatile oil of Malapaho. 
GENERAL. 
The products considered in this article are to be classed with two well- 
known commercial substances, namely, the balsams of copaiba and gurjun. 
The Oil of Supa more nearly resembles these balsams than do the other 
products, since it contains no water and the residue left after distilling 
the volatile oil is viscous. The Dipterocarpus wood oils are composed of 
a large percentage of water, and after the distillation of the oil, leave solid 
residues, 
Balsam copaiba is a wood oil obtained in South America from various 
species of the order Copaifera. The descriptions found in the literature 
regarding this product and its volatile oil vary so much and are so con- 
tradictory that it is impossible to obtain anything but a very general 
idea concerning it and its constituents. In general, the balsam may be 
said to consist of resinous bodies dissolved in a large proportion of a 
volatile oil which boils between 250° and 275° and may be removed by 
direct distillation. No definite substances have ever been identified in 
it or isolated from it excepting the hypothetical sesquiterpene caryo- 
phyllen. A sample of copaiba balsam purchased from a drug house in 
Manila was a dark-colored, transparent, homogeneous liquid. The vyol- 
atile oil contained in it was removed by distillation under reduced pres- 
sure and constituted 38 per cent of the total. There was no water in 
the product. The oil redistilled within 11° (126° to 137° at 20 milli- 
ineters) and was practically colorless. The nonvolatile portion of the 
copaiba balsam was viscous. 
Gurjun balsam (also known as Indian wood oil) is a product widely 
used throughout southern Asia. Within comparatively recent years it 
has been introduced into Europe, and is now a regular article of com- 
merce. It is stated to be derived from different species of the Diptero- 
carpus family. The product has never been the subject of thorough 
