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. 249 
C. mona was shown to react in a typical manner to skin inoculation with vaccine 
virus. “Rhesus” also yielded a typical reaction, but in @. apella the lesion fol- 
lowing vaccination pursued a milder course. The author found that the serum of 
a vaccinated monkey protected C. apella against subsequent vaccination. The 
serum of the vaccinated calf, even when given in large amounts, only retarded 
vaccination. 
De Haan, 1896, reported upon an extensive series of inoculations of Macacus 
cynomologus with vaccine, retrovaccine, and variola virus. Forty-three monkeys 
were used in this research. This author found M. cynomologus to be susceptible 
to all 3 of the viruses used. Only a local lesion followed inoculation with vaccine, 
while a general exanthem was observed in 25 per cent of the monkeys inoculated 
with variola virus. Both retrovaccine and vaccine protected this species of 
monkey against subsequent inoculation with variola virus. The acme of* the 
vaccine lesion in this monkey was reached on the seventh day, as in man, while 
in the calf the lesion was at its height on the fifth day. Vaccine, retrovaccine, 
and “la variole mitigée” tended to die out if transferred too long on one species. 
A strain of vaccine virus which became attenuated was reactivated by transferring 
it to another species and then inoculating it back on the original species. Vacci- 
nation of the skin of the monkey protected the animal against subsequent inocu- 
lation of the skin with vaccine virus. A strain of vaccine virus gave typical 
lesions for seven passages through the monkey. The series of animals so inoc- 
ulated showed the same immunity to subsequent inoculation with vaccine virus. 
Monkeys successfully inoculated on the skin with vaccine virus were immune to 
subsequent inoculation of the skin with variola virus. <A strain of variola virus 
was carried from one monkey to another for seven passages, in each case yielding 
good primary lesions but no general exanthem. After 6 or 7 such passages the 
strain was inoculated on the calf and produced a vaccine-like lesion. The lesion 
rendered the calf immune to subsequent inoculation with vaccine virus. 
Reed, 1897, found peculiar bodies in the blood of vaccinated and variolated 
monkeys, but the various controls showed similar bodies and he was not able to 
produce evidence either of their specificity or of their parasitic nature. 
Béclére, Chambon, and Menard, 1899, inoculated three “Macacus’’ monkeys with 
variola virus. Primary lesions developed at the site of inoculation which were 
identical with those following inoculation with vaccine virus. The monkeys 
showed a constitutional reaction evidenced by diarrhea, fever, cedema, and albu- 
minuria, and died on the fourteenth day. The serum of such a monkey was shown 
to have antivirulent properties when put in contact with vaccine virus. 
Roger and Weil, 1902, produced lesions by inoculating “Macacus” monkeys with 
variolous material. ‘Two animals which were inoculated on the skin with variola 
virus developed typical lesions at the site of inoculation. These monkeys were 
subsequently shown to have acquired immunity to a second inoculation of the skin 
with variola virus. One monkey was inoculated on the skin with blood from a 
‘ase of hemorrhagic variola. A few small pustules developed at the site of 
inoculation. Four monkeys inoculated subsequently with blood from a case of 
hemorrhagic variola showed no specific lesions. One of these animals died of 
septicemia. The monkeys inoculated on the skin with variola virus and the one 
inoculated on the skin with variolous blood yielded a positive, though imperfect, 
reaction, when subsequently inoculated on the skin with vaccine virus. Two of 
the monkeys which had been inoculated subcutaneously with variolous blood were 
immune to skin inoculation with vaccine, while in one an abortive lesion resulted. 
Ewing, 1902, inoculated a “Rhesus” and a “large African monkey” with variola 
virus. Both animals gave a positive reaction to the inoculation. He also inocu- 
lated monkeys with bacteria of various sorts which had been isolated from cases 
of variola, always with negative results. . 
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