flees ee, 
| Se eee ey re a ’ 
311 
conforms closely to that type of smallpox in man which follows delib- 
erate inoculation of the skin with variola virus. In short, we can 
produce in the monkey and in the orang-utan the homologue of human 
variola inoculata. We have also shown that if the epithelium of the 
cornea or of the mucous membrane of the nasal, buccal, or oral cavity 
be chosen as the locus of inoculation the same type of disease is produced. 
The experiments upon which this section are based were devised in an 
attempt to reproduce in the monkey and in the orang-utan a disease 
having the clinical features of variola vera. We have sought to attain 
this end by changing the locus of inoculation and by subjecting the 
animals to conditions in which man contracts the disease. The experi- 
ments which we have chosen to give in detail will be grouped according 
to the manner in which we have sought to bring about the infection. 
(a) Inoculation of the tracheal epithelium, through a tracheotomy 
wound, with the contents of the variola vesicle-—These experiments were 
performed to determine if the course of the disease would be modified 
by the initial lesion being seated upon the columnar epithelium of the 
trachea. ‘The generally accepted hypothesis of smallpox in man supposes 
a “protopustule” in the respiratory tract, and we proposed to deliberately 
produce such a lesion by direct inoculation with variola virus. 
No. 144. Adult male, M. cynomologus. Monkey anesthetized with chloroform 
and a median incision made in the neck over the upper part of the trachea. 
Trachea exposed by blunt dissection. The upper ring of the trachea cut, and 
through the opening so made the epithelium on the posterior wall slightly 
searified and inoculated with variola virus No. 167 (vesicle contents). The 
skin incision closed with silk sutures. After 4 days the operation wound showed 
a marked inflammatory reaction. 
‘On the ninth day of the experiment 6 red, papular, elevations, 2 to 3 milli- 
meters in diameter, were seen on the scrotum. On the next day papules and 
small vesicles were found on the face, trunk, and extremities. On the eleventh 
day of the experiment the lesions on the scrotum presented flat-topped, umbil- 
icated vesicles with an opaque center and surrounded by a bright-red areola. 
The evolution of these lesions was comparable with that seen in the exanthem of 
a case of discrete variola vera in man. A distinct pit remained after the heal- 
ing of the lesions. One lesion was found in the palm of the hand. The body 
temperature rose to 40° C on the sixth day of the experiment and remained 
elevated until the thirteenth day. 
No. 139. Adult male, M. cynomologus. Inoculated in the same manner as the 
previous animal. A profuse general exanthem appeared on the seventh day of the 
experiment. Animal died on the ninth day. At autopsy extensive cellulitis of 
the neck about the operation wound. Smears from this region show many strep- 
tocoeci. Mucous membranes.—In check pouches about a dozen opaque, elevated, 
sharply circumscribed lesions, 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter and 1 millimeter 
high. One similar lesion on under surface of tongue. Similar though smaller 
lesions are found scattered over the surface of the esophagus, some of which are 
eroded. In the trachea at the site of inoculation is a red, slightly elevated area, 
due apparently to thickening of the epithelium. Viscera.—No macroscopic lesions 
found. Skin.—Vesicles and pustules, from 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter, are 
é 
