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376 
absolute essential to any rational treatment which will again bring 
them into a good forest condition. The above discussion emphasizes only 
a few of the many questions which the forester must answer concerning 
the ecology of the forest before his calling is reduced to a scientific basis. 
The foundation work of crop raising, like that of forestry, is ecology. 
The habitat of the ecologist is the field of the farmer. The more the 
farmer knows of the factors of this habitat the better will he be able 
to reduce his farming to a science, and until he makes an attempt to 
discover something concerning this habitat, his farming will be guess 
work. Unsystematized chemical and physical analyses of the soil, with- 
out any relation to the plants grown thereon, are of little or no value. 
The formation of the ecologist is the crop of the farmer. ‘The factors 
which control the one will govern the other with this difference, that, 
whereas under natural conditions the waste in fallen leaves, twigs, ete., 
is each year returned to the soil in its entirety, in artificial vegetation the 
greater part is consumed, so that eventually, unless some return is made, 
the soil becomes depleted. 
The advisability of differentiating forest from agricultural lands can 
not be questioned in any partially undeveloped country like the Philip- 
pines. Ecological surveys will not only do this but if they are made 
with due regard to the careful measurement of the physical factors, they 
will give a clear classification, the results of which when placed on maps 
will show at a glance the economic possibilities of the region investigated. 
The systematic nomenclature of this paper is the one used by HK. D. 
Merrill in his “Flora of the Lamao Forest Reserve,” * which is to be pub- 
lished simultaneously with this paper. I am indebted to Mr. Merrill for 
most of the identifications. Besides the various members of the Bureau of 
Science who have assisted me in the preparation of this paper, | am 
also indebted to Capt. George P. Ahern, Chief of the Bureau of Forestry, 
and a number of employees of his Bureau for valuable aid rendered while 
I was collecting the data. Where special assistance has been rendered, 
acknowledgment will be given in its proper place. ‘The map accompany- 
ing this report was adapted from certain ones of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey, and from a topographic map of the reserve made by the Bureau 
of Forestry. 
GEOLOGY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY, 
The group of peaks known as Mount Mariveles is on the southern 
end of the peninsula of land comprising the Province of Bataan, of the 
Island of Luzon. The meridian of 120° 30’ east of Greenwich and the 
parallel of 14° 30’ north latitude intersect the mountain near its summit. 
Rising to the height of approximately 1,400 meters, it, with the Island 
of Corregidor, is the most conspicuous feature of the landscape at the 
entrance to Manila Bay. (See map.) 
’ Phil, Journ. Science (1906) 1,.Supp. 1, April 15. 
ge rare 
