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the slopes of Limay Peak as high as 175 meters. Toward its limits on 
the south side, tongues of it extend farther up the lower slopes of the 
ridges, while on the north side it seems to occupy both the tops and the 
slopes thereof. Here it is especially well marked on the more exposed 
ends of ridges having abrupt termini. The terrace of the Lamao River 
may or may not have isolated patches, but usually it is absent in these 
places. ‘The region near the sea shows only isolated clumps of the. indig- 
enous species of bamboo, although here the dicotyledinous trees are quite 
as characteristic as they are farther inland. 
The best expression of the Bambusa-Parkia formation is peculiar. 
The species called “boho,” probably Bambusa lumanpao,** is the charac- 
teristic form. Clumps composed of fifteen or twenty culms, some dead 
and some alive, and 12 to 18 meters in height are on an average set 
at a distance of from 3 to 4 meters apart, not infrequently growing 
so close together that it would be found difficult to wedge one’s way be- 
tween the individual colonies. These make a shade so dense as practi- 
cally to prevent the development of herbaceous and woody forms which 
are not adapted to such conditions. Among the clumps here and there — 
are seen the trunks of isolated dicotyledinous trees. In some places 
there are groups of three or four individuals, usually of different species, 
as closely set as the bamboo colonies but more often they are 15 to 20 
meters apart. Indeed, if the bamboo growth should entirely be removed 
and replaced by a grass such as Saccharum spontaneum, the aspect of the 
forest would very much resemble the park-like forests of the savannah 
or prairie regions. One has only to imagine the grass in the open spaces 
between the trees in these latter places to be 15 instead of 2 meters 
high to obtain an approximately correct idea of the aspect which the 
bamboo forests of the Lamao region presents. As a rule, the dicotyled- 
inous trees overtop the bamboo growth by 6 to 10 and even by 15 meters. 
There are perhaps as many scattered younger trees as there are older 
ones which do not reach to the level of the bamboo roof. Independently 
of the bamboo, the canopy presented by the dicotyledinous tree element 
shows an extremely irregular profile. The convex portion of the latter 
is due to the higher semi-circular crowns of the trees overtopping the 
bamboo; those of the single trees form the smaller convex areas, those 
of the groups, the larger ones, and these may in turn form smaller irreg- 
ularities which are due to the differing height of the individuals com- 
posing the groups. The bottom of the depressions between the isolated 
trees or groups of trees is the top of the bamboo colony. During the 
dry season, especially, the foliage of the bamboo growth shows a browner 
color than does that of the evergreen element. On the one hand, there 
2 With the exception of the climbing forms, none of the bamboos have been 
found in flower or fruit. These identifications have been made from vegetative 
characters. 
