eg ey” 
393 
character to the parang. Such a type is by Vidal * termed a “mixed” 
one in contradistinction to the parang proper, where species of the 
_ Dipterocarpacee are entirely absent. In Plot B a few seedlings of 
_ Anisoptera vidaliana and Shorea guiso were noted, although there were 
no mature trees, and in Plot C none at all were present. It should be 
noted that without exception the species found in all the different types 
of parang are present in the original Bambusa-Parkia formation, and in a 
discussion of the floristic composition of the latter, an enumeration of 
other than the large tree species was omitted to save needless repetition. 
It may be stated, then, that the mixed parang differs from the Bambusa- 
Parkia stage not in its floristic composition but in the numerical im- 
portance of the species of which it is composed. In the parang the 
- smaller trees and shrubs predominate over the tall bamboo and the larger 
dicotyledinous trees, because the shade which formerly prevented their 
best development, had been removed. Indeed, as in the ease of the 
Dinochloa parang, isolated patches of original vegetation very much like 
the parang proper or the mixed one may be found in the midst of the 
best development of the Bambusa-Parkia formation, although these are 
only encountered in especially dry, physiographic situations. The ex- 
planation of the Dipterocarpacee in Plot A perhaps lies in the fact that 
the original vegetation was not destroyed as completely as that in B and 
C, where not only are the Dipterocarpacew absent (except seedlings) but 
where the total number of larger trees is less. (See Table XII.) It 
might be maintained that the habitats which I have designated as Plots 
B and C are not able to support the vegetation of A, if it were not for 
the fact that in closely adjoining areas, in similar habitats, the Bambusa- 
Parkia combination prevails. 
Other types of a parang occur over large areas nearer the seacoast on 
the south side of the reserve. They extend back to a distance of 4 or 5 
kilometers and in places on the north side reach an altitude of 100 meters. 
These show a still greater reduction of the original vegetation, before 
the present growth was allowed to develop. According to the nature 
of the reduction there are three forms of this type. They are as follows: 
(1) Areas which have been reduced to a greater extent than those I have 
discussed, so that nearly all of the original tall trees have been cut out; 
(2) areas in which all the trees have been cut, but not all killed; (3) 
areas in which all of the vegetation has been removed, the land cultivated, 
and then the vegetation allowed to reéstablish itself naturally. This last 
form, which is the “caingin,” may or may not pass through the grass 
stage before it reaches the arboreal one. 
As previously mentioned, during the inroads on the forest, the best of 
the bamboo and dicotyledinous trees are taken out first. As the cuttings 
cause the timber which is most desired, to retreat farther from the shore 
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