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XXIII. Shows the bark characters and many low buttress roots of Quercus 
bennettii. Other trees present: Shorea polysperma, Thea montana, 
Symplocos oblongifolia, and others. MShorea-Plectronia formation. 
XXIV. View into interior of a portion of the Dipterocarpus-Shorea formation. 
The three large trees are Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Gonocaryum tar- 
lacense is in front of the one on the left. Note the absence of buttress 
roots and the presence of a deep litter of leaves. Rattans are also 
present. 
XXV. Base of the trunk of Agathis philippinensis, showing character of the 
bark and the exudation of the resin known as almaciga. (Gum copal.) 
Shorea-Plectronia formation. 
XXVI. Eroding bank of the Lamao River. In the background is the tree fern, 
Alsophila contaminans. On the left is Macaranga bicolor and below 
it is Ficus minahasse. On the right is a large tree of F. minahasse, 
showing the hanging flower stalks originated on the trunk or the base 
of the larger branches. At the base of the tree fern are Begonia 
rhombicarpa, the fern Polybotrya appendiculata, and species of Sela- 
ginella. Anisoptera-Strombosia formation. 
XXVII. Portion of terrace shown in Plate X, taken sixteen months later. All 
the undergrowth present started from seed. Note the presence of 
the large-leaved Macaranga mappa; also Macaranga bicolor and 
Homalanthus populneus, all these species being characteristic of recent 
clearings. Amnisoptera-Strombosia formation. 
Pa Pe ke 
