ee 
460 
whole allowed to bleach over night. No residual chlorine remained, but the pulp 
was of a clear, white color. The amount of chlorine consumed was 23.5 grams 
(1,000 ecubie centimeters of 2.35 per cent solution). ‘This represents 67.1 grams 
of powder, equivalent to 6.71 per cent. The bleached pulp weighed 428.7 grams, 
which gave a loss of 5.62 per cent in bleaching. 
Eaperiment No. 2.—A residue from digestion with 20 per cent caustie soda, 
page 459, amounting to 440 grams, was submitted to exactly the same conditions 
as those given above. The residual chlorine amounted to 0.78 gram, which 
leaves 22.72 grams as the amount consumed. This represents 64.9 grams of 
powder.” The bleached pulp weighed 418 grams which represents a loss of 5 
per cent in bleaching. 
TatAurp, Tag., Lidda, Io., Tigbao, Vis, (Saccharum spontaneum). 
This is a coarse-jointed grass, 6 to 10 feet in height, gregarious, growing 
in tufts from stout underground rootstalks. It is found to be distributed 
from British India to southern China, Malasia, New Guinea, the Phil- 
ippine and Caroline Islands. It is very common throughout the Arch- 
ipelago and is frequently confounded with cogon grass, but it is very 
distinct from the latter in appearance and in its habit of growth. It 
thrives best in valleys and in low, moist places, especially in areas which 
are flooded during the rainy season. It is very persistent and difficult 
to eradicate; simple cutting or burning does not appear to decrease its 
growth but rather to improve its yield and quality. Other related 
species are Saccharum sara (the Munj grass of India) and Saccharum 
officinarum (the well-known sugar cane of all tropical countries). A 
sample of mature grass consisting of entire stems and leaves gave the 
following figures: 
Per cent. 
Moisture 10, 23 
Ash 5. 46 
Hydrolysis («) 27.44 
Hydrolysis () 40. 53 
Cellulose 53. 90 
If this grass is allowed to become too dry before cutting, the nodes 
harden and prove difficult to pulp, and a considerable quantity of shive 
is the result, so that some mechanical crushing or breaking of the stems 
is necessary. Only one digestion experiment was made. ‘The grass was 
cut into short pieces and boiled in water for three hours to soften the 
nodes, then digested during six hours with 124 per cent of caustic soda, 
calculated on the weight of the grass. Pressure, 4 to 5 atmospheres. 
Yield of pulp was 45.57 per cent. The residue bleached to a good white 
with only 3.2 per cent loss in weight by the use of 5.7 per cent of bleach- 
ing powder, calculated on the original weight of the material digested. 
4 
% 6.71 pounds of bleaching powder per hundredweight of grass. 
76.43 pounds of bleaching powder per hundredweight of grass. 
