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inoculation as the first, but in addition 5 cubic centimeters of aleuronat 
was previously injected into the abdominal cavity. The second animal 
remained alive, and there was marked evidence of extensive phagocytosis 
in the abdominal cavity that did not occur in the case of the first animal, 
which died. 
Bail assumes the position that this difference in behavior was depend- 
ent in the second case not upon an increased killing power of the fluids 
outside of the cells—i. e., upon bactericidal action—but that the resist- 
ance of the animal depended upon the degree of phagocytosis. He then 
describes experiments to show that,whereas the destruction of the typhoid 
bacillus under the proper influences may take place very quickly within 
the abdominal cavity of a guinea pig, within the organs of the same 
animal an identical result is certainly not observable. 
In his further attack upon the significance of bacteriolysis, he points 
out that sera, such as were produced by Sobernheim in the treatment of 
animals with anthrax oedema and which showed high protective value, 
evidenced neither agglutinating nor bactericidal properties: whereas rab- 
bits and large guinea pigs, inoculated subcutaneously or intraperitoneally 
for a long period with anthrax cultures grown at 42° C. or carefully killed, 
furnished sera which had a distinct if not very powerful agglutinating 
action (1-500), but, although in vitro their value in immune bodies was 
about three times this strength, they revealed no protective power for 
rabbits, even when the serum was injected at the same time with the 
bacteria. Moreover, the animal which furnished the best serum possessed 
no true immunity, since it succumbed within three days after a subcu- 
taneous inoculation of less than 1,000 anthrax bacilli. Bail claims a 
somewhat similar relationship in typhoid fever and cholera, though he 
admits that there are certain differences with these diseases, owing to the 
fact that the cholera spirillum and the typhoid bacillus belong rather to 
the group of half, or facultative invasive, parasites for animals, or 
indeed, perhaps stand nearer to the saprophytes in contradistinction to 
the anthrax bacillus, which may be considered as a true invasive parasitic 
organism. He argues that when the above facts are all taken into con- 
sideration it is easy to understand why agglutinating and bacteriolytic 
sera may be obtained by the inoculation of an entirely avirulent cholera 
culture; since in this instance also we obtain immunity against the bacil- 
lus but not against the disease itself. 
After insisting further upon the fallacies of the consideration of bac- 
teriolysis in its relation to true immunity, many of the details of which 
can not be entered into here, Bail takes up the discussion of the “aggres- 
sins.” As is well known, Kruse® originally particularly advocated the 
idea that, in their various relations with living tissues, pathogenic bacteria 
’ Kruse: Beitr. eur path. Anat. u. 2. allg. Path, (1893), 12, 333. See also- 
Bail: Centralbl. fiir Bakteriol. Orig. (1904), 36, 266, 397. 
