134 The Philippine Journal of Science 1922 
The pruned plats are still in fine condition; there are few or no foliage 
infections, and not a fruit has been seen to be affected as yet. Apparently 
the crop is not so heavy, however, on these pruned plats as upon the unpruned 
plats. 
The formalin plat is in much the same condition as are the untreated 
plats; the fruits fallen from canker infection are scattered around on the 
ground almost as thickly as is the case with the untreated plats. Many 
fruits are badly affected on the tree. On this plat it is necessary to hunt 
for uninfected fruits. 
The insect called the blister moth is present in abundance; this is Phyl- 
locnystis soligna Zell., according to Kondo. It is a leaf miner and is found 
throughout the orchard on all young twigs and leaves. It is the most 
serious of the agents for dissemination of canker; along the trails of this 
insect, canker always develops heavily, while nearby tissue on which the 
leaf miner has not operated will be free from canker. The blister moth is 
very difficult to control, according to Kondo, and he can suggest no remedy. 
Extracts from the field notebook continued: 
September 9, 1919. Canker developed on some of the sprayed but un- 
pruned plats and to a considerable degree on some of the fruits. Attention 
was called by the owner to the occurrence of all cankered fruits’ on the 
southwest side of the tree while on the northeast side the fruits were free 
of canker. This was made a point of careful observation and was noted 
to be true in every case on the sprayed plats. In the case of the controls 
the cankers were on all sides, but somewhat worse on the southwest side. 
This is evidence to some extent that infection took place at the time of the 
typhoons in August, for the wind at that time came from the south and 
swept across the orchard from the southwest. On the west side of the 
orchard, within the protection of the windbreak, there is little or no injury 
of this type but on the eastern side, where the sprayed plats are, there 
is considerable evidence of wind injury. On many of these trees in the 
eastern part, twigs can be commonly observed broken off by the force of 
the wind. 
Further evidence that these cankers developed from infection at the time 
of the typhoon is contained in the data resulting from artificial inoculations 
on fruits, made under natural conditions. 
Artificial inoculations made July 27, 1919, had developed and were well 
matured on August 25, 1919. Cankers upon the sprayed plats were not 
visible, except in a few cases, at this time. Inoculations made August 25 
have not developed at the present time, whereas there are now a number of 
cases of infection on fruits in trees on the sprayed plats. Such infection 
must therefore have taken place between July 27 and August 25. 
The weather reports show only two periods during this time in which 
the climatic conditions were such as to disseminate canker, these periods 
being during August 2, 3, and 4, a typhoon, and during August 14, 15, and 
16, another typhoon. Both of these storms were unexpected and the trees 
were entirely unprotected by sprays. In the next year, in addition to two 
applications in June, another application will be made August 1 to safe- 
guard fully the trees against infection which may be made possible by 
typhoons in August. 
