20, 2 Dickerson: Review of Philippine Paleontology 201 
on this account was described under the name of Lepidocyclina 
verbeeki by Newton and Holland. *° 
Lepidocyclina verbeeki Newton and Holland occurs in the 
upper limestone above the coal in Cebu, a horizon of probable 
Miocene age. Thus it is that the general association and 
connections of Nuwmmulites subniasi Douvillé are not with 
Eocene species but with Miocene. 
That Eocene beds may be present is a possibility, but as yet 
they have not been recognized. Likewise, horizons of Oligocene 
age are not positively known. In certain localities, Eocene and 
Oligocene times are represented by a mere line of unconformity 
between the basement complex of diorites and associated schists 
and the sedimentary rocks of Miocene age. In other words, a 
portion of the Philippines was a land mass during Eocene time, 
and on this account no marine sedimentary beds of Eocene age 
occur in certain regions. 
MIOCENE 
VIGO GROUP ™ 
Rocks of Miocene age have been recognized in most of the 
larger islands of the Philippines, and owing to their widespread 
occurrence this period of the Tertiary is best known. Since both 
oil and coal occur in these rocks, their paleontology is of par- 
ticular economic importance. The rocks of the Vigo group ex- 
hibit two pronounced faunal facies. One occurs in limestone and 
is characterized by large unicellular forms, Foraminifera of the 
genus “Lepidocyclina,” while the other facies consists prin- 
cipally of clams and snails which lived in the sandy or muddy, 
moderately deep waters of an inland Miocene sea. 
PELECYPODS AND GASTROPODS OF THE VIGO GROUP, SANDSTONE AND SHALE FACIES 
The pelecypods and gastropods of the Miocene are best known 
from Bondoc Peninsula, Luzon Island. At many places in the 
* Newton and Holland, On some Tertiary Foraminifera from Borneo, 
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. VII 7 (1901) 215. ; 
“The writer is not in agreement with Pratt and Smith concerning the 
stratigraphic relations of the Malumbang, Canguinsa, and Vigo in their 
type localities, the Bondoc Peninsula. He believes that a great unconformity 
exists between the Malumbang and the underlying Vigo group. He failed 
to recognize an unconformity between the Canguinsa formation and the 
Vigo shale, although the areas cited by Pratt and Smith were critically 
examined. The relations that appear at these places are best explained 
by faulting. On this account the term “Vigo” is widened to include the 
Canguinsa formation as its upper sandstone facies, thus raising the term 
Vigo to a group rank. 
184350-—¢ 
