20, 2 Dickerson: Review of Philippine Paleontology 207 
The upper horizon Burdigalian H (of Borneo) also presents a very 
great distribution; it is well developed in the island of Nias, near Java, 
from whence comes the type of L. verbeeki, and from Borneo where I have 
not been able to distinguish this species from the similar European 
form L. tournoueri. This same horizon appears to extend to the north 
in Formosa and Japan in the environment of Tokyo. This last locality is 
in latitude 36°, that is to say, near that of Gibraltar; however, the Lepi- 
docyclina occur in France nearly to latitude 44° and beyond 45° in Italy. 
The following table summarizes the references which I recognize: 
Philippines. Borneo. 
Upper limestones with small Lepido- es verbeeki, Miogypsina, Cy- 
cyclinas. cloclypeus communis 
; . Cycloclypeus communis -.._-_- 
Middle 1 G. 
ee lopacne, complanata____.__ 
i - MB coeustic F.} Aquitanian, 
Lower limestones with large Lepido- ror reamnaae re ee 
‘ Se Wiehthistend 2 
cyclinas. E. 
UPS Cys) ree cee or ene 
Nummulites subniasi_________ 
L i F : 
eagprcage horizon and lower limestones , Amphistegina niasi___...____. | D. Stampian. 
with Nummulites. 5 a 
\Lepidocyclina smithi _________ J 
In Europe the succession of faunas is very analogous; the lepidocyclinas 
are well developed, moreover, likewise in Spain, as well as Italy, where 
they attain a great size and are associated as in Borneo with reticulated 
Nummulites. The section of which Lepidocyclina dilatata is an example 
corresponds to the Asiatic section of L. insule-natalis and extends into 
the Aquitanian. Moreover, in the upper beds the section of L. tournoueri 
is represented by that of L. verbeeki. With these two are associated, 
moreover, Miogypsina. 
The European basin and the Asiatic basin appear to have been com- 
pletely separated at the end of the Eocene by the uplift of Lybia which was 
developed across the Mésogée and separated the Mediterranean from the 
Indian Ocean. It is only during very recent time that the Red Sea has 
almost reéstablished a communication between the two seas, but the waters 
of the Indian Ocean are even now several kilometers separated from the 
Mediterranean by the slight barrier of the Isthmus of Suez. 
The limestones referred by Douvillé to the Stampian, as stated 
by him, occur between coal seams in Batan Island. At this lo- 
cality or in its near vicinity in the gray shale overlying the East 
Batan coal seam in the Perseverancia claim very excellent spec- 
imens of Vicarya callosa Jenkins and numerous species of Corbula 
were obtained by Mr. F. A. Dalburg (Bureau of Science locality 
7). Vicarya callosa Jenkins is regarded by Martin and other 
workers as being one of the best horizon markers of Middle and 
Upper Miocene in the East Indian islands. In this connection 
Smith states: 20° 
* Smith, W. D., Philip. Journ. Sci. § A 8 (1913) 268. 
