210 The Philippine Journal of Science 1922 
characteristic is in great contrast with the coral fauna of the 
overlying Malumbang formation where the dominant forms are 
the large reef-building types with many large heads. ° 
Smith ** reports Pattalophyllia (?) bonita Smith, Pachyseris 
cristata K. Martin, and Madrepora duncani Reuss (?) from 
Bureau of Science locality 272, Barrio Mesaba, near Danao, Cebu, 
where they are associated with the large forms of Lepidocyclina 
and the Mollusca listed above from the same locality. Pachy- 
seris cristata and Madrepora duncani are reported by Martin 
from locality P, where they are associated with Vicarya callosa 
and its characteristic molluscan associates. 
‘FAUNA OF THE MALUMBANG FORMATION 
Like the Vigo group, this formation of probable Pliocene age 
is very widespread throughout the Philippine Archipelago. 
Both lithologically and faunally this formation is in sharp con- 
trast with the Vigo described above. The Malumbang corals, for 
example, are nearly all reef builders, colonial forms, while the 
Vigo corals are chiefly simple individual or slender branching 
forms. In the case of the Malumbang, these large colonial forms 
make the coralline limestone which is characteristic of this for- 
mation at its type locality, the Malumbang Plain and Banaba 
Ridge vicinity in the southern end of Bondoc Peninsula, Tayabas 
Province, Luzon. Since this formation is best known at its type 
locality, most of the present discussion is based upon material 
secured from that region. Pratt and Smith * discuss the Ma- 
lumbang fauna at the type locality of the formation and give 
lists of species which the present writer has slightly modified. 
They state conditions as follows: 
All three horizons in the Malumbang series are fossiliferous. Fossils 
were collected at two places on the hills at the northern edge of Malumbang 
Plain, which are capped by the Upper limestone. Specimens from fossil 
locality 61 were obtained on the hills north of Mount Anuing near the 
eastern rim of Canguinsa River valley at Bacau, and others (fossil locality 
63) were found on the hills immediately to the east on the northern border 
on Malumbang Plain. The Upper limestone in this vicinity is sandy, 
and grades imperceptibly into the Cudiapi sandstone below it. The fossils 
are embedded in sandy, calcareous material which might be designated 
either as sandstone or limestone. 
* Smith, W. D., Contributions to the stratigraphy and fossil invertebrate 
fauna of the Philippine Islands, Philip. Journ. Sci. § A 8 (1913) 285-291. 
* Pratt, W. E., and Smith, W. D., The geology and petroleum resources 
of the southern part of Bondoc Peninsula, Tayabas Province, P. I., Philip. 
Journ. Sci. § A 8 (1913) 325-327. 
