218 The Philippine Journal of Science 1922 
Concerning these species, he states his opinion, on pages 622 
and 623: 
As for Mindanao, it can not be demonstrated from specimens which 
have been investigated that Miocene strata occur there, for I have but 
a single species, Ranella raninoides Mart., which is known only in the 
Miocene. On the other hand, it is clear that there are upper Tertiary 
beds along the Agusan River. If it were permissible to assume that all 
the fossils of the list given above originated in equivalent beds, and their 
state of preservation makes this probable, there would be in all 10 species, 
6 of them, or 60 per cent, still living; 4 species occur in the Miocene and 
the same number in the Pliocene; but of these last three are known only 
from the Pliocene. These are Latirus madiunensis Mart., Turricula bata- 
viana Mart., and Murex verbeeki Mart. All this argues the occurrence of 
the Pliocene on the Agusan River, and in harmony with this indication is 
the exceedingly fresh appearance of the fossils at hand. 
The same age finally may be ascribed to the fossils from the river 
Salac y Maputi in Mindanao; for although of the 6 species determined 
from this locality no fewer than 5 belong to the present fauna, yet of these 
latter 4 reach back to the Miocene and Pliocene and a single species, 
Murex verbeeki Mart., is known only in the Pliocene. Of the deposit at 
Zamboanga nothing definite can be said as yet on the strength of the solitary 
fossil Murex capucinus Lam. 
To the age determinations of Philippine fossils it is proper to add that 
their state of preservation resembles that of the Javanese fossils to a very 
remarkable extent—to such a degree, indeed, that the specimens from 
the two regions might easily be confounded. The same statement is true 
of the tuffs and marls in which they were embedded, and this accords with 
the fact that the younger massive rocks of the Philippines show an ex- 
traordinary likeness to those of the East Indian Archipelago. 
The writer is in entire agreement with Martin’s assignment 
of the Agusan beds to the Piocene and their analogue, the Banisi- 
lan formation, as well. The descriptions of Moody and Smith 
of the stratigraphic relations of the tuffaceous sandstones at 
Banisilan yielding the above fauna to the conformably under- 
lying coralline limestone indicate that the Banisilan is upper 
Pliocene, since the coralline limestone is largely composed of 
corals characteristic of the Malumbang formation of Pliocene 
age. : 
Percentages given in Martin’s statement above are calculated 
on a total of ten species from four different localities, and the 
number of forms is too small to be truly significant. Turricula 
bataviana Martin occurs at Bureau of Science locality F1054 
near San Rafael, Agusan River, where it is associated with 
fauna containing at least from 90 to 95 per cent Recent species. 
Without going into great detail, the writer’s judgment concern- 
ing the age of this fauna is strongly influenced by a recent study 
made upon a fauna obtained from the Vigo group of Miocene 
age which contained’ an astonishingly large number of Recent 
