20, 2 Dickerson: Review of Philippine Paleontology 219 
forms. The conclusions given in this paper are that the evolu- 
tion of Gastropoda and Pelecypoda in the Tropics is far slower 
than in the Temperate Zones and hence a different percentage 
scale in the Tertiary must be applied in evaluating the Miocene, 
Pliocene, and Pleistocene of the Torrid Zone. 
PLEISTOCENE 
The beautiful Pleistocene limestones exposed in the end of the 
northwestern peninsula of Leyte offer an exceptional opportunity 
for the study of the conditions of formation of coralline 
limestone and allied problems. A cursory examination of these 
beds seems to indicate that most of the coral species still flourish 
in the neighboring waters. There are several marine terraces 
which denote successive uplifts, and each is covered by a thick 
deposit of coralline limestone. The underlying shales and sand- 
stones of the Vigo group are exposed in a few places in the vicin- 
ity, and the unconformity between these beds and the overlying 
Pleistocene limestone is well marked. The same relation exists 
between the horizontal] Pleistocene deposits and the well-folded 
Malumbang coralline limestones and interbedded marls at a 
point about half a mile south of Baliti, a small barrio (village) 
on the west coast of Leyte. Likewise, along the road on the 
west side of Cebu from Barili to Alegria, may be seen beautiful 
exposures which clearly indicate a great time interval between 
the Pleistocene and the Malumbang Pliocene, thus negativing 
Becker’s * tentative idea that— 
Ever since the later Miocene there has been a continuous, very slow, rise 
of the island [Cebu] and extension of its land area, raising above water 
Successively Upper Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene beds, the total uplift 
amounting to over 2,000 feet. 
Cebu Island has had a much more complicated history. 
Nearly all the large islands show distinct terracing in places, 
but attempts to correlate these terraces from island to island will 
lead to failure, since there are many evidences of Pleistocene and 
Recent differential movements. These Pleistocene terraces, as 
@ Tule, are mantled by coralline limestone with which is asso- 
Ciated a characteristic molluscan fauna such as is illustrated on 
Plate 15. Practically all of these Pleistocene species have rep- 
resentatives living to-day in these tropic seas. 
Much work remains to be done upon the paleontology of the 
ilippines. Special effort should be made to search the older 
tocks more thoroughly for Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossils, and 
" Becker, G. F.,, Annual Rep, U. S. Geol. Survey 21 (1901) 555. 
