ae 
20, 3 Schenck: Physiography and Geology of Samar 233 
metric form, we find that the southern side, Basey to Guiwan, 
measures roughly 80 kilometers; the northern coast from Bali- 
cuatro Point to Cape Espiritu Santo, 100 kilometers; the east 
coast from Cape Espiritu Santo to Guiwan, 185 kilometers. The 
fourth, the west-coast side, extends from Balicuatro Point to 
Basey, a distance of 170 kilometers. Its entire area is about 
12,000 square kilometers. 
COAST 
There is no open port of entry in Samar,’ and most of the 
business is carried on through Manila. Interisland boats us- 
ually touch only at Catbalogan and Calbayog, both open road- 
steads. On the east coast there is no good port for vessels of 
any size, and on the entire island only one port ranks as high 
as class 2. 
ROADS 
According to the Director of Public Works, the roads in Samar 
Province, as of June 30, 1920, are as follows: 
Km. 
First-class roads 103.4 
Second-class roads 44.7 
Third-class roads 91.2 
Total 239.3 
Road construction on the island is difficult, owing to the type 
of topography, the climate, the geology, the lack of funds, and 
other factors. The only roads available for use by automobiles 
are short stretches along the north, east, and west coasts. There 
is no complete cross-island road, although one is projected from 
Wright to Taft, through a natural pass. 
MAPS 
One of the two most accurate maps of Samar Island, Bureau 
of Public Works map bearing the date 1920, was prepared 
under the direction of the district engineer of Samar, Mr. Ralph 
Frush. This map gives the correct location, as far as known, 
of towns, streams, and other features. The Coast and Geodetic 
Survey map of 1920 (No. 13) is excellent and is the only one 
that gives a good suggestion of the topography. Many maps of 
the island are so inaccurate as to lead one to the conclusion that 
it is dotted with towns and villages, which is certainly far from 
being the case. 
* Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 4715, 4719. Hydrograhpic Office 
charts Nos. 2049, 1729, 1730. See Bull. C. and G. S. Sec. IV, P. I. Sailing 
Regulations. 
