242 The Philippine Journal of Science 1922 
numerous, making water communication a difficult matter. 
Outcrops are more abundant along the coasts, where they are 
not so effectively hidden by vegetation. Finally, no great cen- 
tral cordillera is known on Samar, with the result that a large 
amount of rain is evenly distributed over the entire island. 
GEOLOGY 
PETROGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 
The following notes on the petrography and geology of Samar 
are based upon a brief reconnaissance, for during this trip 
stress was laid upon economic features and only sufficient strati- 
graphy was undertaken to answer the economic questions in- 
volved. Were I asked to-day, “Is the island standing on end 
or is it flat?” I might say that I am not certain which is the case! 
Since the trip was merely a reconnaissance and no definite 
statements regarding broad structure can be made, it perhaps 
will be best for the reader to travel with the party on its various 
trips, and let me point out what was actually observed in the’ 
field and what laboratory study of the rocks and data brought 
out later. 
Catbalogan and vicinity—Our first work was done in the 
vicinity of Catbalogan, and there some interesting relation- 
ships were seen. For instance, a study of the formations in 
this neighborhood, strange to relate, showed the highly inclined 
strata on the beach to be post-Vigo formations, which are prob- 
ably earlier than the less-contorted sandstone beds that appar- 
ently overlie them. Volcanic activity is evidenced by the pres- 
ence of tuffs. The only pyroclastic rock collected by the party 
was taken from an outcrop of tuff on the beach north of Cat- 
balogan, northwest of kilometer post 2 of the North Road. This 
tuff is a coarse-grained gray rock made up of angular frag- 
ments, among which magnetite was noted. A thin section shows 
abundant fragments of magnetite, some stains of hematite, and 
broken feldspar crystals in a siliceous matrix. 
Still farther north an impure sandstone outcrops at a point 
3.4 kilometers on the main road (locality F865). It is bluish 
gray, fine-grained, slightly caleareous, compact, and feldspathic. 
The grains are subangular, so that the rock approaches a 8 it. 
At the same locality, but overlying the gray series, are strata 
of impure, buff-colored sandstone that is more weathered. The 
fossils from these series include specimens of Globigerina and 
other Foraminifera, Flabellum (?), Drillia Cle immature 
Cypraea, Turris, and a form referred to Cylichna. They are 
