20, 3 Schenck: Physiography and Geology of Samar 263 
the drilling of deep wells at Catbalogan and Calbayog. This 
report was not intended for publication, but I am taking the 
liberty of quoting a few of Adams’s conclusions: 
The fact of the existence of the springs to the south of the town (Cat- 
balogan) suggests that the formation above sea level retains good water. 
It may be that the formation below sea level also contains good water, 
but until a test is made this cannot be determined. If it is decided ‘to drill 
a well at Catbalogan, it would be advisable to place it inland at the base 
of the hills southeast of the town so that a reservoir could be placed on 
the hillside and a gravity system be installed in case a good supply of 
water were encountered. In drilling at Catbalogan a heavy rig will be 
required. 
If a well is drilled at Calbayog, it is recommended that it be placed at 
the base of the hills northeast of the town, direction north 60° east from 
the church. It would accordingly be located about five blocks from the edge 
of the town. The adjacent hills would furnish a reservoir site and 
allow of the installation of a gravity system by pumping from the well. It 
may be that the formation of the west coast of Samar contains salt water 
below sea level and that the well at the locality above mentioned would 
encounter salt water, but if so, the experiment would condemn a large 
extent of the coast where wells must obtain water below sea level. 
From the information concerning the mineral resources of 
Samar now in our possession, the conclusion may be drawn that 
it is an unpromising field for any activity in this line. Many 
minerals, including gold, copper, lead, graphite, and phosphate, 
are much talked about, but no specimens were shown to us. 
Our informants assured us that “if they were sure they would 
get something out of it” they could readily prove their state- 
ments. Of course, further prospecting may bring to light 
minerals that are more accessible and perhaps in some quantity, 
but Samar at present does not appear to be a rich mineralogic 
province, 
APPENDIX 1 
[Translated from Ueber die geologische Beschaffenheit der Philippinen, by J. Roth, Appendix 
II to Jagor’s Reisen in den Philippinen. Berlin (1873) 351-854.] 
In the Catarman River (north coast of the island) between Catarman 
and Cobo-Cobo, there are rather compact, ferruginous clay banks of a 
light brown color, without lime but containing remains of carbonized plants 
and also numerous bore-holes, which, according to Dr. von Martens, are 
caused by Modiola striatula Hanley which is often present in the holes. 
After elutriation, the clays leave a varying residue composed of quartz, 
partly in ferruginous rounded grains and partly as angular splinters; some 
magnetite; white, gray, and green mica; and feldspar. Some brown, fer- 
ruginous layers of almost pure sand of rather large grains exhibit the 
same composition. Similar, but green, sandy layers occur farther upstream 
in Catarman River. After treating with hydrochloric acid, one notes in 
the sediment besides magnetite much white quartz, here and there with 
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