612 The Philippine Journal of Science 1922 
resultant economic loss that such transmission involves have been 
almost entirely overlooked. As compared with protozoa and 
nematode infestations, flatworm infestations are so uncommon 
in the Philippines that physicians are apt to regard them as 
zoological curiosities rather than as problems worthy of serious 
consideration. 
In the course of examinations of more than five hundred 
students of the University of the Philippines, between the ages 
of 20 and 30 years, representing nearly all provinces of the 
Philippine Islands, some flatworm infestations were discovered. 
In the following pages these cases are recorded, the published 
records of the same and closely related species of uncommon 
parasites are reviewed, and the significance of these cases of 
parasitism is discussed. 
INFESTATION WITH TANIA 
Three cases of infestation with Txnia were discovered in the 
course of the examinations referred to above. In one case gravid 
segments were obtained, which proved to be Tenia saginata. 
In the remaining two cases no segments were obtained, so that 
no specific determination could be made with certainty. In so 
far as measurements of ova are an index to specific identity, a 
diagnosis of Tznia saginata ig warranted. 
So far as concerns the frequency of Tznia in man in the 
Philippine Islands, Strong (13) records the results of about 1,800 
stool examinations and 386 post-mortem examinations and 
states that only 2 adult Tzenia were found. In the Annual Re- 
port of the Superintendent of Government Laboratories for the 
years 1902 to 1905(1) the results of 6,000 microscopic examina- 
tions of feces are given and only 5 cases of cestode infections, 
namely Tzxnia, are recorded. Garrison(4) states that 26 of 28 
specimens of Txnia from Filipinos proved to be Txnia sagi- 
nata, the remaining 2 specimens being Tznia solium. The 
same author(5) records the results of over 4,000 stool examina- 
tions among which 30 cases of Txnia were found. Garrison 
and Llamas,(8) in a report on the results of examinations of 
385 Filipino women and children for intestinal parasites, record 
1 case of infestation with Tenia. Rissler and Gomez(12) 
report 8 cases of Txnia saginata infestation in 274 cases that 
were examined. In the same paper the authors refer to an 
unpublished case of Tenia solium in a Spaniard in Cagayan 
Valley. Chamberlain, Bloombergh, and Kilbourne(2) record 12 
cases of Txnia saginata in 119 cases of examinations of Igorots 
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