* 
20, 6 Schwartz and Tubangui: Parasites of Man 613 
for intestinal parasites. They also refer to data collected in 
the Civil Hospital in Baguio, according to which 5 cases of in- 
festation with Tznia solium and 4 cases of infestation with: 
Tenia saginata were found in 183 examinations. Willets(16) 
records 59 cases of Txnia in over 4,000 fecal examinations in 
tobacco haciendas in Cagayan Valley. Stitt(15) reports 3 cases 
of infestation with Tzxnia saginata in more than 900 examina- 
tions for intestinal parasites. Crowell and Hammack(3) report 
the results of 500 autopsies performed in the College of Medi- 
cine and Surgery in Manila and record but a single case of 
infestation with Tznia saginata. These authors state that but 
1 case of Tzxnia solium was found in over 2,200 post-mortem 
examinations in the College of Medicine and Surgery. Crowell 
and Hammack refer to a case of Cysticercus cellulose in a Fili- 
pino, 28 years of age. This is apparently the first, and presum- 
ably the only, case of somatic teniasis in man that has been 
recorded from the Philippine Islands. Willets(17) reports 1 
case of Txnia saginata. The same writer(18) reports 57 cases 
' of Tzxnia encountered in nearly 8,000 stool examinations, and 
Garcia(19) records 6 cases of Tznia in 1,600 stool examinations. 
From the review of the literature with reference to infesta- 
tion of man in the Philippines with Tznia it is evident that in 
the Philippines, as in other parts of the world, Tznia saginata 
is by far the commoner species and that Tzxnia solium is com- 
paratively rare. In as much as the source of infection of human 
beings with Tznia is the flesh of cattle and hogs that is eaten 
without being cooked sufficiently to destroy tapeworm cysts, it 
follows that Cysticercus bovis, the larval stage of Tzxnia sagi- 
nata, occurs in cattle and that Cysticercus cellulosz, the larval 
stage of Txnia solium, occurs in hogs that are slaughtered in 
the Philippine Islands. As no data with regard to the extent 
of occurrence of cysticerci in cattle and hogs in the Philippines 
have been published, the senior author examined the files of 
the Bureau of Agriculture with a view of obtaining information 
on this point. The data presented in Table 1 were obtained 
through the courtesy of Dr. Stanton Youngberg, chief veterina- 
rian of the Bureau of Agriculture. 
Table 1 is based on the records obtained at the Azearraga 
abattoir in Manila. The hogs in question are largely mestizos 
that are raised in the provinces under conditions that give them 
ready access to human feces. Owing to the lack of privies in 
the provinces human feces are generally devoured by hogs, thus 
favoring the perpetuation of Txnia solium. 
. 
