XII, C, 4 Brown, Merrill and Yates: Volcano Island 185 
company. The removal of the main canopy has resulted in the 
destruction of the undergrowth. The land was very quickly 
invaded by a small second-growth forest of a type that is entirely. 
different from the original vegetation. Trema orientalis (ana- 
bion) is by far the. most prominent tree, and in many places it 
forms practically pure stands. Associated with it are, however, 
a large number of other second-growth tree species. 
Also on Mount Mariveles in Bataan Province, Luzon, a large 
area of virgin dipterocarp forest has been destroyed by logging. 
The ground was very quickly invaded by a second-growth forest 
similar to that in northern Negros, except that here the principal _ 
tree species is Homalanthus populneus (balanti). In neither of 
the above regions was a second-growth forest preceded by grass. 
On Mount Mariveles no species, other than trees, was prominent 
in the early stages of invasion. In northern Negros a wild 
banana was abundant, but no small species was conspicuous. 
The succession in these two areas appears to be typical of 
that which occurs in similar places in the Islands in general. 
For a more extensive discussion of cleared areas see Brown and 
Matthews.** ° 
The invasion of cleared areas may be summarized as follows: 
When forests are removed and the land not cultivated the 
ground, within one or two years, is covered by a second-growth 
forest in which, frequently, one species is much more prominent 
than any other. The dominant species invariably have a rapid 
rate of growth. 
Cultivation that is not intenaivs usually results in ‘the forma- 
tion of grassland or parang. This process has already been 
discussed. : 
REVEGETATION OF VOLCANO ISLAND 
The progress of revegetation on Volcano Island has been very 
different from that described above for lands cleared of vegeta- 
tion and afterward -not cultivated. The chief invading species 
have been grasses, and revegetation has been so slow that in 
most parts of the island the ground, after nearly six years, is 
only sparsely covered. 
~ Our knowledge of the early stages of revegetation of Volcano 
Island is due to Gates,*® who visited the voleano in October and 
December, 1913, and in April, 1914. 
" ™ Brown, W. H., and Matthews, D. M., Philip. Journ. Sci. A 6 (1911) 
413-561. 
'-% Gates, Frank C., The pioneer vegetation of Taal Volcano, Philip. Journ. 
Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 391-434, pl. 3-10. 
