190 The Philippine Journal of Science 1917 
it has been distributed all over the island is not evident, as it is 
apparently not adapted to be eaten by birds or for wind 
dispersal. 
The next most prominent tree is a small variety of Ficus 
indica. In favorable situations on the mainland this tree 
reaches a fairly large size, in many cases being 15 meters in 
height. The trees on Volcano Island are smaller and the tallest 
probably average about 7 meters. This was about the height 
of the largest individuals on the island previous to the eruption 
of 1911. 
In the northern part of the island trees of this species were 
observed that had apparently sprouted from old stumps. Ficus 
indica is well known as a tree with a very irregular habit of 
growth. This plant, like most of the irregular-growing figs, 
is very tenacious of life; and it seems probable that its presence 
in large numbers is due, in part at least, to individuals that 
were not destroyed by the eruption, as Ficus indica is not 
abundant on the mainland. However, the seeds of this plant 
might be readily dispersed by birds. Ficus indica is parti- 
cularly prominent on the main crater, as it is practically the 
only tree species that occurs on this cone. However, the 
number of individuals found here is small, and they are con- 
fined largely to the ravines on the lower slopes. Within the 
crater Ficus indica is represented by a single specimen on the 
northern wall, while several individuals were found at the edge 
of the crater. 
Next to the above the most prominent tree species are: 
Eugenia jambolana (duhat). Morinda bracteata (tumbong aso). 
Trema orientalis (anabion). Pithecolobium dulce (camanchile). 
Tabernaemontana subglobosa (pan- Antidesma ghaesembilla (binayuyo). 
dacaqui.) 
It will be seen that this list of common species is very similar 
to that previously given for the mainland. The seeds of all of 
these trees are distributed by birds. 
The tallest trees and the densest stands of tree species are 
found near the northern shore. The presence of plants that 
survived the eruption and better soil conditions undoubtedly 
account in part for the greater density of tree vegetation found 
here. Some of the most prominent tree species in this region 
escaped distribution during the eruption, as is shown by the 
presence of individuals growing from old stumps. This has 
been observed in the case of Ficus indica, Eugenia jambolana, 
