202 The Philippine Journal of Science 1917 
2, the trees are shown as dark spots. Although the grass forms 
a very open stand this fact is not evident in the picture, which 
was taken at too great a distance to show the spacing. The 
grass consists almost entirely of Saccharum except on the steep- 
est slopes at the end of the peninsula where Themeda predomi- 
nates. Over much of this area Ipomoea pes-caprae is found 
between the clumps of Saccharum and is particularly well devel- 
oped at the end of the peninsula, where it grows over the top 
of the highest ridge. 
In 1914 there was also a slight development of vegetation run- 
ning along the southern shore to a point slightly west of south 
of the center of the main crater, while along the middle region 
of the eastern shore there was also a slight development of vege- 
tation. In 1914, however, most of the central and southern parts 
of the island were without plants. 
At the present time the vegetation has spread over the whole 
island, but is very scanty in the places where there was not 
a considerable development in 1914. The vegetation characteris- 
tically consists of very widely spaced clumps of Saccharum with 
a few scattered trees. Plate XIII, fig. 1, which was taken from 
Calauit Point, looking northwest, gives a very good idea of the 
density of the vegetation over the southern and central parts 
of the island. Plate XIII, fig. 2, shows both sides of the prom- 
inent dry stream bed extending southwest from the crater. On 
the right are seen the slopes of Mount Saluyan. This shows the 
character of the vegetation in the southwestern region very 
clearly. The numerous clumps are Saccharum, while the six 
larger and darker ones are trees. The vegetation is very similar 
over the whole of the recently invaded area, except that in many 
places near the southern and southeastern coasts Ipomoea has 
grown inland to a considerable distance between the clumps of 
Saccharum. This development is greater near the western end 
of the southern coast, where Ipomoea is very conspicuous more 
than a quarter of a kilometer inland. 
The dry stream beds and deltal fans are everywhere almost 
entirely barren. These are most prominent on the western side 
of the island, particularly that part west and southwest of the 
main crater where they occupy practically the whole area. This 
region is particularly bare. Plate XIV, fig. 1, shows a view from 
Pandac-na-lohgos Point (text fig. 2) west of the main crater, 
and looking southeast with the main crater in the left of the 
picture. Most of the view is occupied by a large deltal fan 
through which there extends a narrow stream bed. The barren- 
