XII, C, 4 Brown, Merrill and Yates: Voleano Island 217 
indicated by an asterisk. The species observed by Gates, but 
not found by us are: 
Antidesma rostratum. Cyperus radiatus. 
Aerua lanata. Elaeagnus philippensis. 
Citrullus vulgaris. Lemna trisulca. 
Ficus nervosa. Muntingia calabura. 
Gymnema tingens. Oryza sativa, 
Ipomoea batatas. Phaleria cumingii. 
Crataeva religiosa. 
Of these species Oryza sativa, Citrullus vulgaris, and Ipomoea 
batatas are cultivated forms dependent on man for their per- 
sistence, and they may no longer occur on Volcano Island, as the 
plants observed by Gates were probably merely adventive ones. 
Lemna trisulca was represented only by plants thrown up on 
-the shore; while Cyperus radiatus, a marsh plant, which was 
local along the shore, probably occurred in a very unstable habit- 
at. The remaining eight species, mostly conspicuous ones, must 
now be rare or at least very local on the island, otherwise they 
would in all probability have been detected in 1916-17. 
It has been necessary to make a few alterations in Gates’s 
list, on account of changes in nomenclature. In some cases he 
was not able to collect material suitable for identification, and 
a comparison of his specimens with the collections of 1916-17 
has necessitated a few corrections. Atalantia disticha and Sida 
cordifolia, enumerated by Gates, are not included in Table IV, 
as the only specimens of these plants collected by him were 
from a neighboring island. Gates’s list, with the changes in- 
dicated above, includes 175 species. 
In Table IV are listed 117 additional species, nearly all of 
which must have invaded the island between April, 1914, and 
January, 1917. It is, of course, probable that Gates overlooked 
a few species growing on the island at the time of his visit, and 
this is apparently true of Bambusa vulgaris, Arytera littorals, 
and Erioglossum rubiginosum. The last two are arborescent 
species and are now represented by mature specimens. How- 
ever, the number of species that Gates overlooked must be very 
small, 
The total number of species in Table IV is 292. Among these 
are included nearly two-thirds of the 236 species listed by Cen- 
teno as having been collected on the island between 1877 and 
1879. Centeno’s list was evidently very incomplete, and it is 
probable that it contains in general the plants that were the 
most common and conspicuous on the island. The high per- 
centage of species in this list which have been collected on the 
