, a The Philippine Journal of Science 1917 
Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) Roem. Patéla. Widely scattered, especially near : 
the beach; the wild form. 
Melothria mucronata (Blume) Cogn.* In thickets near Pirapiraso; not 
common. 
Momordica charantia Linn. Ampalaya. Widely scattered at low alti- 
tudes; not abundant. a 
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. Byoc-biyoc. In thickets 
and ravines; fairly common at the northern end of the island. 
Mormordica ovata Cogn. Biiyoc-Biyoc. Associated with the preceding but 
more abundant; this differs from the preceding only in its entire, not 
lobed leaves and is probably not specifically distinct. 
COMPOSITAE 
Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Bulac manéc. Common among Saccharum at 
low altitudes. 
Blumea balsamifera (Linn.) DC. Sambéng. Locally abundant in ravines 
etc.; only three plants observed by Gates. 
Blumea lacera DC. Widely scattered in ravines and among coarse grasses; 
a few plants inside of the crater. 
Blumea mollis (Don) Merr.* Widely scattered at low altitudes, especially 
in ravines. 
Blumea glomerata DC.* Abundant on the walls = a single damp ravine 
at the northern end of the island. 
Eclipta alba (Linn.) Hassk. Widely scattered at low altitudes near the 
beach. 
Eclipta zippeliana Blume.* A few plants observed near the beach at the 
northern end of the island. 
Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. In ravines at low altitudes; widely 
scattered, but not abundant. 
Erigeron linifolius Willd. Widely scattered at iow altitudes; not abundant; 
a few plants inside the crater. 
Pterocaulon cylindrostachyum C. B. Clarke. On dry open slopes; locally 
abundant, but of very limited distribution. 
Sphaeranthus africanus Linn.* Two or three plants observed back of the. 
beach along the northern coast of the island. 
Synedrella nodiflora (Linn.) Gaertn. Rare and very widely scattered at 
low altitudes. 
Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less. Widely distributed, but nowhere abundant. 
Vernonia patula (Ait.) Merr.* A few widely scattered individuals were 
observed, chiefly near the beach at the northern end of the island. 
Wedelia biflora (Linn.) R. Br. Hagonoy. In thickets near the beach. 
SUMMARY : 
The vegetation of Volcano Island before the eruption of 1911 
consisted of a mixture of grass and small trees, which covered 
allsparts of the island except the slopes of the main crater and 
Mount Tabaro and the dry stream beds. 
