: 
} 
~ ee a 
586 
are compiled from the records of Dr. Ruediger, of the Serum Labora- 
tory, serve to illustrate the changes: 
Normal cattle: 
Average of 27. 
Leucocytes 7, 650 1 
Red cells «6, 043, 000 790 
Rinderpest cattle: 
Average of 10. 
Leucocytes — 9, 820 1 
Red cells —S«- 9,112,600 = 927 
Average of 3 animals which had no diarrhoea. 
Leucocytes 9, 500 1 
Red cells 7,746,000 815 
Average of 4 animals with moderate diarrhera. 
Leucocytes 10, 300 1 
Red cells «8, 112,000 737 
Average of 3 animals with severe diarrhea. 
Leucocytes 9, 400 1 
Red cells 11, 813, 000 1,256 
According to Refik-Bey the leucocytes vary as follows: There is an initial rise 
on the second or third day, a later decrease on the fourth to seventh, and a ter- 
minal increase on the seventh to ninth; they are at a minimum on the day of 
the initial advance in temperature. In most instances the mononuclear cells 
do not increase at this latter time, but do so steadily after the stage of diminution 
of the leucocytes is passed. In some instances there is a mononuclear leucopenia. 
The polymorphic leucocytes usually follow the path of the mononuclears. 
In the earier stages of the disease the ulcers in the fourth stomach 
are preceded by minute, red, haemorrhagic points which resemble those 
seen in the early stages of intestinal amoebiasis in human beings. At 
the site of these points, necrosis takes place with coincident thrombosis 
of the blood vessels supplying the affected area; gradually, this process 
extends, until finally an ulcer results which has a punched-out ap- 
pearance with its necrotic base lying upon the muscular layers or eyen 
upon deeper tissue; the sides and bases of these ulcers consist in many 
instances of an almost homogeneous material which is partly granular, 
staining diffusely and devoid of nuclei. In some places remnants of 
polymorphonuclear leucocytes are seen. The tissue beyond this zone of 
necrosis is cdematous and densely infiltrated with polymorphonuclear 
leucocytes; the blood vessels are congested and the muscular fibers are 
cloudy and swollen, The mucous membrane at a distance from the 
