Poa, 
087 
ulcers is injected and thickened. Many bacteria can be found in the 
sloughs adhering to some of the ulcers. Deeper in the tissues, although 
stained carefully with both intense and delicate stains, no elements can 
be discovered which from their relation could be supposed to be causa- 
tive. Indeed, in‘most cases there are no foreign elements in the deeper 
parts of the lesions; I have been able to study but few from the mouth 
and these show nothing more than a circumscribed, superficial necrosis. 
Many varieties of micro-organisms could be seen in the covering 
g, CcO- 
agulated material. 
ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER DISEASES. 
The association of rinderpest with other diseases has proven itself to 
be, In many places, most important because excessive losses have oc- 
curred as a result of the neglect of the danger arising from the ¢om- 
plicity of latent blood diseases such as Texas fever and trypanosomiasis. 
We have had to deal with both of these conditions in the Philippines. 
Jobling and I? have given an account of our experiences with American 
cattle which were purchased above the Texas-fever belt in the United 
States, in order not to introduce that disease into these Islands. These 
animals were given two preliminary prophylactic doses of antirinder- 
pestic serum, which were then followed by an injection of virulent blood 
~ twelve days after the second inoculation. At that time we were not 
aware that ‘Texas fever was endemic in the Islands and so, unwittingly, 
through the virulent blood infected the American cattle with the latter 
disease. The result was disastrous, for the combined Texas fever and 
rinderpest killed some of the animals. Since then we have had several 
cases In Philippine and Shanghai cattle in which, during an attack of 
rinderpest, flaring up of a latent Texas fever has occurred. (Chart 12, 
No. 542.) The combination has resulted in the death of the animals. 
We have had no difficulty with trypanosomiasis, chiefly for the reason 
that we have always been aware of its presence and been prepared for it. 
For a long time, we have made systematic examinations for the parasite 
in all animals from which blood was to be taken for inoculation and 
occasionally we examine every member of the herd. Trypanosomiasis 
is widespread among the cattle in the Islands, but is most common in 
the carabaos, which, strangely enough, do not generally suffer any great 
inconvenience from the infection, provided they are not herded together, 
have good food, and are kept at work under normal conditions. 
Lately, in the Island of Negros, the experience of the veterinary corps 
with simultaneous inoculation against rinderpest in a district where 
trypanosomiasis was subsequently found to exist, was most instruc- 
tive. In 1904 Dr. Jobling had learned that the carabaos may harbor 
* Publications, Serum Laboratory, Bureau of Government Laboratories (1904), 14. 
