—-. tr eS 
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es a) ee 
Sea ee ee a 
—., ~~ = 
_—er.| 6h lh ee eee 
————-. 
594 
conditions not only must the disease be checked but active immunity 
must be conferred on as many of the cattle present in the district as is 
possible. In order to accomplish this result with a minimal loss of life 
it is necessary to draw a careful distinction between infected and non- 
infected animals. In our work, we have divided the cattle with which 
we have dealt into a “noninfected” and a “contact” class. The latter 
have been treated with serum, to protect them if noninfected and to 
favorably influence the course of the disease if they are infected. Later, 
when it has been possible, these have been given virulent blood in order 
permanently to protect them. ‘This final inoculation has chiefly depended 
on the owner’s consent. In the case of clean herds, we have thought it 
wise to use the simultaneous method of Kolle and Turner, giving serum 
and blood at the same time, or following the serum by the blood, as is 
done with the animals at the laboratory. Up to the present, the 
valuable suggestion of Rogers, which involves the regular taking of tem- 
peratures of all animals inoculated, has been insisted upon, in order that 
the records of the animals might be complete and also in order that 
the reaction necessary in the establishment of immunity should, if 
present, be noted. In the absence of this reaction we advise a second 
injection of virulent blood, 
During the early days of the rinderpest work in these Islands, much 
of the work of inoculating was done at the laboratory corral. Persons 
would bring their animals to this place and leave them until they were 
ready to be returned. Owing to inexperience a mistake was made at that 
time in not delaying the inoculation until the animals had been under 
observation long enough to be sure they were not already infected with 
rinderpest. During the first eight months, 163 cattle and carabaos were 
inoculated at the laboratory; 114 received simultaneous inoculation and 
of these 28 died, a death rate of 32.55 per cent. These results were 
explained by the fact that most of the cattle sent to the laboratory for 
treatment had been shipped on infected boats and that probably they 
were in the incipient stage of the disease when inoculated. Some of the 
animals also came from districts in Borneo where rinderpest had never 
been encountered, and these, possibly, were abnormally susceptible to the 
(lisease. 
During the same time, 28 animals received serum alone and of these 
four died, a death rate of 14.28 per cent; 11 were given symptomatic 
treatment only and of these 6 succumbed, a death rate of 54.54 per cent. 
Such results show that, even in possibly infected animals, serum may be 
of value, although in this instance the number of infected animals was 
not known. 
There was a mortality of 13.15 per cent from simultaneous inocula- 
tion in calves; 15.8 per cent among those to which serum alone was 
given, and 100 per cent with the individuals which received symptomatic 
