— 
. 
— a. ve 
596 
930) with only this difference, that she lived two days longer than the 
others.° 
Undoubtedly, in some cases death was due to a combination of ‘Texas 
fever and rinderpest, but such instances were few. No difficulty was 
experienced with the calves belonging to the same herd. To be sure, 
the dosage of 30 cubic centimeters of serum was used, but they resisted 
the disease and were later given simultaneous inoculation with good 
results. 
Littlewood, after an interesting experience in Egypt, says it is possible tlrat 
serum, when injected into imported animals, does not afford the same protection 
against rinderpest as it does in native herds, more especially if these animals 
have been exposed to adverse conditions. 
I believe that by a judicious use of the serum and simultaneous 
methods, epidemics may be controlled and the cattle in a district im- 
munized. In the absence of serum, glycerinated bile or defibrinated 
immune blood may be used as Hutcheon advises. He states that every 
animal showing a rise of temperature should receive 100 cubic centi- 
meters of serum, a procedure which is practiced in the Philippines. 
For an animal which has recovered from the natural disease, he ad- 
vocates the inoculation of 30 cubic centimeters of glycerinated bile, or 
300 to 400 cubic centimeters of defibrinated blood. He also advises, 
as do we, that all infected animals should receive intravenous injections 
of serum. He argues against the use of fresh bile in infected herds, 
and believes that this procedure should be applied only in the cases of 
noninfected animals. 
Sobernheim and Haedicke believe that the two most valuable means of combating 
rinderpest are the bile method of Koch and the simultaneous one of Kolle and 
Turner. The former is most applicable at the outset of an epidemic, in a country 
where serum is not available, and the latter should be used extensively in a land 
where the disease is endemic. 
When it is necessary to immunize dairy cattle or pregnant animals 
the serum method is very valuable for temporary protection. Later, 
the simultaneous method can be employed. It is also possible, by 
carefully regulating the dose of serum, to follow it with very small 
amounts of virulent blood without disturbing the processes of lactation 
or pregnancy. 
Finally, it must be borne in mind that in countries where certain 
blood diseases are prevalent, it may be dangerous or impracticable to 
use the simultaneous method. 
®In all, 56 animals were in the herd which we attempted to immunize; of 
these 34 were given virulent blood to produce active immunity, and 22 were given 
serum only, but of the former class, 32 died and of the latter 20. All of the 
latter contracted rinderpest at about the same time or a few days after the 
animals which received virulent blood, evidently because the infection spread in 
the stable. The cattle were received on September 3, 1904, were given 200 cubic 
centimeters of serum on September 9, and received simultaneous inoculation on 
September 15. 
