619 
the north so that in the vicinity of Lipa it is between 1,500 and 2,000 
feet. When one rides over this plain in any direction from the military 
road, he finds it to differ widely from the suggestion of apparent 
evenness obtained by a view from the highway. This old ash and tuff 
plain is at many points broken by deep gorges which may be 100 to 150 
feet in depth, with almost vertical walls, veritable gashes across the land- 
scape. Everywhere, signs of a very youthful stage of topography and of 
recent and rapid elevation of the plain are evident. 
“To the northward and westward of the Loboo region, lie the active 
and extinct volcanoes of Taal, Maquiling, Malarayat, and San Cristobal. 
These exhibit still another type of topography, which, however, lies 
outside the scope of this article. 
In this region, then, we have three distinct types: 
(1) That of the Loboo—that is, mountains which are not voleanic. 
(2) The plain. 
(3) The volcanic. 
Drainage.—The entire district is well watered, particularly so during 
the time of the writer’s visit, which was in August and September. 
The records of the Antimonan meteorological station, which is the 
nearest thereto, show a total rainfall from July, 1904, to July, 1905, of 
95.25 inches, the three months of greatest precipitation being Septem- 
ber, October, and November. As there is no station at Batangas, data 
could not be obtained from that side of the range, but it is not probable 
that the Loboo Mountains afford a barrier which is sufficiently high 
and continuous to make the record materially different. 
TABLE 1.—Meteorological data for Antimonan station, July, 1904, to July, 1905. 
| Month, tempera. | ebay 
| Se | 
BO | mm, 
JUDY ooo ce dee oe ee 28.0 | 54.8 
| August = 225 ose eee ee 28.0 | 141.7 
September... ..-5.:.3. 2 eee 26.8 423.9 
October. e222 aeeeees eee 27.0 556. 2 
November 22.-2-2 eee pee. 26.0. 536. 2 
Décem ber sooo eee eee 25.5 | 166.3 
JanUAry 2202S ee 25.5 | 73.5 
Pebriary 223 oo sec ceec eee eee 25.6 | 35.0 
Match - 212.0552 ae ee Zine 10.4 
April 4:22.20 ee 27,2 | 231.2 
MAY 25.5232 ce ee eee 28.8 | 77.6 
JUNG .430. 22 Se eee eee 28.0 112.4 
Total =. .2o0 So ee 2,419.5 | 
The four principal streams of the region are the Calumpan, flowing 
into Batangas Gulf at Batangas; the Loboo, Rosario, or Pinacanauan, 
as it is variously called, debouching into the sea to the south near the 
pueblo of Loboo; the Lanay, or San Juan, emptying to the east near 
