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xerophytic, sometimes partially tropophytic, leaves. Humata repens (see 
Pl. XXXVIIT) is probably most common. It has a small, creeping 
rhizome, usually buried in the bed of moss and other plants with which 
it grows. Polypodium glaucum, P. palmatum, P. triquetum, P. accen- 
dens, and others are similar to it in habit. Davallia solida and Oleandra 
colubrina also have this creeping habit. The latter has connection 
with the ground, and it sometimes reaches the tops of stunted trees; 
its mottled, snake-like stem often not being buried in the living sub- 
stratum. Prominent because of its size and abundance, is the bird’s- 
nest fern, Asplenium nidus. (Pl. XXXIX.) It usually starts in a 
crotch of a tree, where some vegetable débris has already accumulated ; 
or in a knot hole, in which case it may encircle the entire trunk if 
the latter is not too large; once established, the “nest” part of the 
fern accumulates an amount of soil sufficient to bury its roots. The 
substratum so provided furnishes a favorable habitat for other ferns, 
so that scarcely a specimen of the bird’s-nest fern was noted which did 
not also have present the long, pendant fronds of Polypodium subauri- 
culatum. The strap-like leaves of Ophioglossum pendulum are present 
with much less frequency. The living substratum, together with the 
accumulated decaying vegetable matter and inorganic ‘débris may in 
places be so dense that shrubs like Rhododendron quadrasianium. and 
Medinilla ramiflora may start and live throughout their entire exist- 
ence on the branches of trees. Seedlings of trees such as Hugenia 
congesta may also be present on branches of their own kind. (See 
Pl. XXXIX.) The bulbous base of the ant fern, Lecanopteris carnosa, 
besides harboring insects, acts as a storehouse for moisture. 
The vegetation, other than that of trees and epiphytes, also varies with 
the plot, but those plots which are alike in physiography and atmospheric 
moisture show a remarkable similarity. In situations which are too poor 
or unstable to support tree vegetation, and which are not shaded by 
overhanging cliffs, the grasses Garnotia stricta and Miscanthus japonicus 
and the sedge Carex continua predominate. This is the case in places 
in or near plots B, D, F, and H. ‘Terrestrial ferns are represented by 
a large number of individuals during the wet but are less noticeable 
during a portion of the dry season. Among these may be mentioned 
Dipteris conjugata which, in open places at the head of land slips, forms 
colonies very much resembling those of the may-apple (Podophyllum 
peltatum) so common in the eastern part of the United States. In 
similar situations also thickets, 1 to 2 meters in height, of Dicranopteris 
occur, On the ridge, dwarf specimens of the tree fern Cyathea caudata 
are scattered, and just below the top of the rim of the crater are a few 
individuals of Marattia sambucina. 
The herbaceous seed plants which are partly or wholly wanting during 
a portion of the dry season are Coleus multiflorus, Scutellaria luzonica, 
an unknown saprophytic orchid, and very rarely Arisaema polyphylla. 
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