706 
In connection with the section on the etiology of malaria it is observed, 
under the head of methods of examination, that after giving in detail 
steps for making unstained preparations, the statement is made that if by 
reason of not having a microscope at hand or for any other cause it is 
deemed advisable, dry preparations may be made and stained. This 
attitude in almost all text-books on the subject of malaria, which would 
appear to advocate the choosing of either the stained or unstained 
preparation, is unfortunate—it is as if two rival methods were presented 
and a choice had to be made between them. In distinguishing the dif- 
ferent kinds of parasites, there is so much to be learned from a study 
of both unstained and stained specimens that it would seem advisable 
strongly to impress upon everyone who takes up the subject to employ 
both methods. While waiting for the completion of the staining, the 
observer has a few minutes which can profitably and without loss of 
time be devoted to the fresh blood and then later, the stained smear can 
be studied with greater facility by reason of the information gained 
from the unstained preparation. Especially as regards differentiating 
young forms, there would seem to be no question as to the advantage of 
the stained over the unstained preparation. 
The Romanowsky-Zieman stain is greatly praised by the editor and it 
is certainly most excellent. However, it has the same objection which 
obtains to the well-known Leishman and Wright stains, of not keeping 
well in the Tropics. When polychroming is done by precipitating silver 
nitrate, as in Borrel’s blue, a much more permanent stain for the Tropics 
is made than is the case where sodium carbonate or bicarbonate is 
employed. 
In view of the general tendency among those capable of speaking 
authoritatively, to consider simply three forms of malaria, it would 
appear unfortunate that in a work so influential it was deemed advis- 
able to multiply the different species. The propriety of dividing the 
parasites, the sexual form of which is manifested in crescents, into three 
classes is certainly questionable and it is at least an unfortunate com- 
plication for the novice in the study of malaria. 
In the excellent chapter on malaria in its relation to the mosquito, in 
the paragraph on differentiation of species will be found a concise and 
comprehensive consideration of the points to be observed in examining 
Anopheline and the confusion which may arise from attributing too 
much importance to spots or attaching weight to the position of the 
cross veins is clearly indicated. 
Under the genus Myzomyia the same view is adopted as is given in 
Theobald’s monograph, namely, that M. /udlowti Theob., is probably not 
a distinct species, but only a variety of M. ross Giles. “An examination 
of a large number of this common malarial mosquito of the Philippines 
shows the constant presence of the characteristics presented by M. ludlowt 
Theob., and its difference from M. rossii Giles so that it would appear to 
