815 
and chickens, but I have never seen any other domestic animals about 
their settlements. 
The manufactures of the Jlongots show a distinct advance over 
those of the Negritos. They do not weave cloth, but make the so-called 
bark cloth and also circular casting fish-nets, buying the necessary cord 
and sinkers from the Christian natives. The women sew with a reason- 
able degree of skill and embroider as well, in a rude fashion. The men 
make head-knives, metal lance-heads and arrow-points, employing in 
_ their blacksmith operations the usual double-barreled bellows and a 
charcoal fire. They also manufacture many of their own ornaments, as 
well as their wooden shields, and construct small wooden boats which they 
handle quite skillfully in swift water. They grow, cure, and roll their 
own tobacco. 
They prepare basi, extracting the juice of the sugar-cane with a simple 
mill similar to that used by the Kalingas. (Pl. XL, fig. 2.) The 
juice is then boiled for a short time and is put into ollas and kept. No 
spices or fruits are mixed with it at any stage, and after fermentation it 
becomes clear and ultimately quite sour. 
The Jlongots are more warlike than are the Negritos, but are cowardly, 
their attacks being almost invariably made from ambush. Feuds exist 
to some extent between their different settlements, as well as between 
Ilongots and Negritos. Christian natives who are forced to travel the 
lonely mountain trails of their country are sometimes attacked and killed 
by them, robbery being, it is said, the usual motive of the aggressors. 
Occasionally, also, the Jlongots attack barrios of the civilized towns and 
take a few heads to assure a good rice-crop for the coming year, or to 
avenge wrongs received at the hands of the Christians.* 
Like the Negritos, the Ilongots depend largely on fishing and the chase 
for their food supply. In taking game, they employ nets of their own 
manufacture and use bows and metal-headed arrows and lances. Their 
hunting arrows and lances are usually made with detachable heads 
fastened to the shafts with strong cords. (Pl. XV, figs. 3 and 4.) When 
the barbed head of such an arrow or lance is fixed in an animal, the shaft, 
dropping loose and catching in the brush or grass, impedes the escape of 
the game. 
The Ilongots are expert fishermen. They are very successful in the 
use of circular casting-nets and are also skilled in speariny fish by 
torchlight. 
Their agriculture, while a distinct advance over that of the Negritos, 
is primitive. ‘They select a suitable piece of forest land, girdle the trees, 
and chop down the brush. (Pl. XX XVII, fig. 1.) When the trees have 
*Dr. M. L. Miller informs me that when Jlongots murder travelers on the trail 
from Nueva Ecija to Baler, in Tayabas, they never rob their victims, even though 
the latter may be loaded with goods, but content themselves with cutting off and 
carrying away a hand or some similar trophy. 
