816 
died, the brush is burned and in the soil thus left bare are planted moun- 
tain rice, squashes, gourds, cucumbers, and sometimes a few tomatoes and 
a little sugar cane or egg-plant; bananas also are grown abundantly. In 
planting rice, the women make holes in the ground with specially shaped 
and carved implements of hardwood, while the men drop in the seed 
and cover it. (Pl. XXXIX, fig. 1.) The clearings are often quite ex- 
tensive, although but little care is given to the growing crops, which 
become buried in a tangle of vines and weeds. However, rice, which is 
an especially valuable crop, is sometimes quite carefully weeded. It is 
harvested by cutting off the individual heads, which are tied in bundles, 
placed on low platfroms, and protected from rain by thatches of leaves. 
(Pl. XXXVI, fig. 1.) It is said that the Ilongots of any given settle- 
ment are unwilling to transfer their rice to their granaries until some one 
of their number has taken a human head in order to assure a good crop | 
for the coming year. 
Their arms consist of bows and arrows, broad-bladed head-knives, and 
lances with weak shafts and still weaker points which are hardly larger 
than good sized arrow-heads. (Pl. X, fig. 2; Pl. XV, figs. 3 and 4; 
Pl. LX, fig. 2, a.) The shafts of their lances are ornamented with spiral 
bands of metal or of vegetable fiber for about half of their length. The 
shields are long and narrow, of very light wood, and are obviously designed 
for stopping arrows. (PI. LXI, figs. 1, @ and 2, a.) 
The head-hunting of the ZJlongots is of a rudimentary sort and may 
perhaps fairly be considered as representing the first step in the evolution 
of this particular form of sport. They usually cut off the heads of 
their victims, but either leave them beside the bodies or throw them away 
after having carried them for a time through the forest. They appar- 
ently do not take them home to exhibit at a subsequent ceremony, as 
do most of the head-hunting tribes. In taking heads the Ilongots use 
a sharp, broad-bladed knife. (PI. LX, fig. 1, a.) 
Their most common musical instrument is made of a joint of bamboo, 
from the outer layer of which strings have been cut, and raised by means 
of wooden bridges. (PI. LIX, fig. 1, a.) A man holds the instrument, 
while a woman plays it by striking these strings with two slender, curved 
strips of bamboo. (Pl. LIII, fig. 1.) In addition to this peculiar 
instrument the Zlongots make and use the nose-flute and the bamboo 
mouth-organ. 
The only dance I have seen was to the accompaniment of the bamboo 
instrument just described. There was but one dancer, a man, who gave 
a grotesque and exaggerated imitation of the movements of ambushing 
and slaying an enemy and taking his head. (PI. LIT, fig. 2.) 
In another one described by Governor Villamor, two or three men and 
an equal number of women take part. The men form a line and with 
outstretched arms dance around in a circle. The women never enter the 
