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819 
HABITAT. 
The territory inhabited by the Kalingas is, broadly speaking, the eastern slopes, 
river valleys and foothills of the Cordillera Central from the Saltan River north 
to Dagara and to the vicinity of the valley of the Ablug River. In some places 
they extend into the level plains of Isabela and Cagayan. There are several 
important rancherias on the Santa Maria friar estate in the former province and 
there is one north of Ilagan near the Rio Grande de Cagayan. There are a 
number of others to the east of Ilagan in the level country and in the foothills 
of the western slopes of the chain of mountains which borders the Pacific coast. 
The line of demarcation between their territory and that of the Tingians of 
Bontoe is a fairly sharp one, although there has been some intermarriage in the 
settlements along the upper waters of the Saltan River. The Cordillera Central 
separates the Kalingas from the Tingians of South and North Ilokos. They are 
constantly at war with those of Dagara and the Apayaos district. They appar- 
ently have not intermarried at all with the Negritos, and their territory, except 
for the isolated rancherias near Ilagan and those lying to the eastward of [lagan, 
is bounded on the east by that of the Christian municipalities. 
DESCRIPTION. 
The Kalingas are of Malay origin. They are less well-known than is 
any other northern Luzon tribe except the Ilongots. They are a cleanly 
people, of medium stature and are physically well-developed. The average 
member of the tribe may be recognized at a glance by his high cheek 
bones, and especially by his peculiarly shaped eyes, which are set very 
far apart. (PI. V, figs. 1 and 2; Pl. IX, fig. 3.) No other Luzon people 
have such eyes. The skin is brown, the hair black and usually straight, 
but in some rare instances wavy. The men wear the hair long behind, 
and banged across the forehead, with a cut extending from the level of 
the bang along each side of the head over and considerably back of the 
ear. The long, back hair is allowed to hang down. (PI. IX, fig. 3.) 
This method of cutting the hair is peculiar to the people of this tribe, 
although a very similar style is followed by the Bontoc Igorots. 
In spite of the remoteness of the regions which they inhabit, the 
Kalingas are better dressed than the people of any other northern Luzon 
tribe except the Tingians. The men wear the usual clouts, but in ad- 
dition have short jackets, which, like their clouts, are often ornamented 
with beadwork. Many of them have collars of beads. They also usually 
wear blankets of silk or very gaily colored cotton cloth, which are knotted 
over the right shoulder in such a way that the arm on the opposite side is 
supported in a fold. A bag or sack which is opened and closed by 
sliding silver or brass rings is often worn around the neck. (PI. X, 
fig. 3; Pl. VII, fig. 4.) 
Huge holes are pierced in the lobes of the ears and stretched to receive 
great rolls of gaily colored worsted or cotton yarn, or plugs of wood 
which extend back along the sides of the neck in such a way as to turn 
the lobes of the ears forward. When wooden ear-ornaments are used, 
coins, pieces of brightly colored stone, or bits of looking-glass are inserted 
