827 
GUIANGANES. Name applied to the /fugaos of the rancheria of Quiangan. 
The Jesuits have erred in stating® that these people are Malay-Negritos. They 
show no indications of Negrito blood. 
SILIPANES. Name applied to the /fugaos of Silipan and neighboring ran- 
cherias in Nueva Vizcaya. 
HABITAT. 
The Jfugaos occupy the whole of northwestern Nueva Vizcaya and 
extend for a short distance into southwestern Isabela, where they have 
several important rancherias. So far as is at present known, their north- 
ernmost rancheria is Pulay, in Isabela. 
DESCRIPTION. 
The Ifugaos are a Malay tribe and physically are well-developed. For 
their strong, muscular bodies they doubtless have to thank the pure air 
and water of the rugged country which they inhabit, no less than the 
tremendous exercise involved in going up and down its steep mountain 
sides. (Pl. XIV, fig. 1.) They are well-proportioned people of me- 
dium height, with dark-brown skins, straight hair, and typical Malayan 
features. 
The ordinary costume of the men is a clout, usually of cloth (PI. II, 
fig. 4; Pl. XIV, figs. 1 and 2); that of the women is a short skirt, con- 
sisting of a piece of cloth wrapped around the body below the waist in 
such a way as always to leave the navel exposed. It may extend to the 
knees, but often it does not. (PI. XII, fig. 4; Pl. XIV, fig. 2.) 
Usually, both men and women are tattooed. (Pl. VIII, fig. 3; 
Pl. XXIII, fig. 3.) The tattoo marks of the men are on the chest and 
neck, but those of the women are on the arms only. The patterns differ 
radically from those of the Bontoe Jgorot. The tattooed Ifugao may be 
recognized immediately as such by the pattern of the markings alone. 
The men wear their hair cut, the appearance being exactly that which 
would result were a rather wide and shallow bowl pressed down on 
the top of the head and the hair clipped up to its edge. This style of 
cutting the hair is highly characteristic of the Jfugaos and is not in 
vogue among the people of any other northern Luzon tribe. (Pl. IX, 
fig. 4.) The women wear their hair Jong. It is usually drawn straight 
back from the face on all sides and confined in a knot at the back of the 
head. (PI. XVII, figs. 3 and 4.) 
The ornaments of the /fugaos are quite elaborate, and in some in- 
stances are of considerable value. The men are especially fond of wearing 
huge earrings of copper wire or beaten brass. (Pl. VIII, fig. 2.) They 
also delight in coils of thick copper wire worn around the legs just 
above the calves. (Pl. II, fig. 4.) Their most highly cherished or- 
naments are girdles made of handsomely carved opercula of sea-shells 
* Report of the Philippine Commission (1900), 3, 358. 
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