828 
(Pl. II, fig. 4; Pl. XIV, fig. 1); from each a pendant, also of opercula, 
hangs in front. These girdles are very valuable and, if their wearers 
are to be believed, are often the property of the settlement rather than 
of the individual; their use seems to be confined to men of high rank 
or of great wealth. The women wear armlets or leglets of copper wire, 
earrings, bead necklaces, and strings of beads in the hair. (Pl. XVII, 
figs. 3 and 4.) The beads are in some instances very large and of a white 
stone resembling fine grained marble. (Pl. XXII, fig. 3.) Both men 
and women occasionally wear in their hair white tail-feathers from cocks. 
(Pl. V, fig. 4; Pl. XIV, fig. 2.) 
The Ifugaos live in rancherias which sometimes number five or six 
thousand souls. However, the houses of a given rancheria are not 
placed closely together, but are scattered about in little groups of from 
four or five to a dozen or two, so that a settlement may extend along a 
valley for ten miles. Doubtless one of the reasons for this arrangement 
is that the people desire to be near their wonderful, terraced rice-fields, 
in order to watch the supply of irrigation water and to prevent depreda- 
tions upon their crops. (Pl. XXVI; Pl. XX XVII, fig. 2.) 
Their dwellings are built from 5 to 8 feet above the ground, on strong 
piles which are often ornamented with rough carving. (Pl. XXXII, 
fig. 2.) They have board floors and sides and thatched roofs. In the 
-peak of the roof there often is a small room in which rice and other 
commodities are stored. At one side of the main living-room is a fire- 
place made of earth and stones; the smoke escapes through the chinks 
of the house as best it may. Over the fireplace and at its sides, are 
grouped the skulls of animals killed in the chase or sacrificed at feasts, 
and also, on occasion, the skulls of enemies whose heads have been taken 
in war. Carved, wooden images, called anitos, are not infrequently seen 
at the sides of the door. (Pl. LXIII, fig. 1.) The houses are usually 
windowless. I have seen lizards carved in relief on the under surfaces 
of floor boards. 
At the side of the door may sometimes be seen a shelf on which are 
placed the skulls of enemies. (PI. LXII, fig. 2; Pl. LXIIT, fig. 1.) 
At the corners of the house one also sees skulls of earabaos or pigs, carved 
wooden imitations of carabao horns, bunches of dried grass, and some- 
times human skulls. I have seen an ornamental frieze of alternating 
carabao and human skulls on a level with the floor and extending half- 
way around a house. Hanging from the floor timbers are neatly 
woven baskets with small doors. In these the chickens are placed at 
night to prevent their being stolen or carried away by civet cats. 
(Pl. XXXII, fig. 2.) 
The Ifugaos build rice granaries and also often construct, at a short 
distance from their own dwellings, little grass-thatched houses with tight 
board floors and sides, the crevices between the boards being chinked | 
