839 
Traps are also set for jungle-fowl and for small birds and mammals. 
Wild carabaos are hunted by large bands of warriors, who lie in wait by 
their runways and attempt to spear them when they pass. This form 
of sport is attended with a good deal of danger, as a wounded carabao is 
a fierce and determined fighter. Dogs are sometimes kept for running 
deer and hogs. Deer are relatively scarce in Bontoc, but hogs are quite 
abundant. When brought to bay by the dogs, they are killed with 
lances, the use of the bow and arrow being unknown among the Bontoec 
Igorots. Deer and hogs are also taken in pitfalls and dead-falls. 
The agriculture of the Bontoe Igorots, like that of the Ifugaos, is 
_ very highly developed for a people otherwise so primitive. As the 
country which they inhabit furnishes little game and fish, they are very 
largely dependent upon the fruits of agriculture for a livelihood. They 
build wonderful irrigation dams and ditches and terraced rice-fields which 
often extend far up the mountain sides. (Pl. XXXVIII, fig. 1.) The 
ground, after being flooded, is prepared for planting with no other imple- 
ments than sharpened sticks and the hands and feet of the laborers. Men 
and women join in this work, and may not infrequently be seen working 
side by side in a state of absolute nudity, their clothes having been dis- 
carded in order to prevent injury to them by mud and water. However, 
more frequently the women leave their girdles on, and attach bunches of 
leaves or grass to them in lieu of skirts. (Pl. XXIV, fig. 1.) 
The two principal crops are rice and camotes; the former grown under 
irrigation, and the latter as a rule high up on the steep mountain sides. 
However, in some cases a crop of camotes is grown on the rice-terraces 
during the dry season, and in rare instances one sees terraces which are 
given up exclusively to the cultivation of these tubers. 
The Bontoc Igorots also raise a considerable quantity of millet, beans, 
and maize. Their cultivated fields are fertilized with care. They have 
well-established property rights over them and also have rules relative 
to the use of irrigation water, which are designed to insure its equitable 
distribution. 
Rice is first sown thickly in seeding beds, and when it has sprouted 
is transplanted by hand. During the entire period of growth it is 
kept carefully weeded and is thinned out as occasion may require. After 
it has headed, constant care is necessary to protect it from the depreda- 
tions of hogs, monkeys, rats, and birds. In this, as in all other work, 
the Bontoc Igorots display great patience and industry. 
' Before the rice harvest is begun, a brief ceremony is performed in a 
pathway adjoining each plot where harvesting is to go on. Tall stalks 
of runo grass are then set as a warning to other Igorots that harvesting 
is in progress and they must not pass that way. Persons violating this 
rule are subject to heavy fines. 
More attention is paid by the Bontoe Jgorots to domestic animals than 
is given by the Negritos, Ilongots, or Kalingas. Pigs are kept in large 
46941—4 
