841 
pipe bowls. Wooden pipes are manufactured by the people of all the 
towns. 
Head-axes and lance-points are fashioned from iron and steel at Bali- 
wang, and axes which, by a change in the position of the head on the 
handle, can readily be converted into adzes are produced in considerable 
numbers. 
Ceremonial drinking cups and lime-boxes, ornamented with scratch- 
work patterns, or with quite elaborately woven lashings of vegetable fiber, 
are made from bamboo. Bowls, troughs, and ladles are fashioned from 
wood, and pig-troughs are sometimes hollowed from stone. The elabo- 
rately carved wooden spoons, forks, bowls, and other wooden dishes so 
common among the Jfugaos are conspicuous by their absence. So called 
anito posts, carved from tree-fern trunks, are sometimes seen in the fields 
or beside the trail. (PI. XLVIII, fig. a.) 
One town of Bontoc, Mayinit, has an important and unique industry 
in the manufacture of salt from a brine which flows from boiling springs. 
This brine is led to clay courts roughly paved with small stones and 
roofed over to keep off the rain. It flows among the stones, evaporating 
by its own heat and depositing its salt. When a sufficient amount has 
been deposited on the lower surface of the stones, their position is reversed. 
When they are entirely covered they are taken out, the salt is washed off, 
and the strong brine thus formed is evaporated in kettles over fire. The 
salt thus produced is made into cakes and dried and then becomes an 
important article of Jgorot commerce. 
Until within a short time the Bontoe Igorots have been persistent head- 
hunters, but this practice is now rapidly disappearing. Dr. Jenks states 
that the possession of a head is in no way requisite to marriage, and that 
the heads of enemies have no part in the ceremonies celebrated in order 
to secure good crops, good health, or for other similar purposes ; that 
they do not affect a man’s wealth, nor his supposed fortune in the world 
to come. He accounts for the persistency with which head-hunting is 
indulged in on the basis that a man desires to be considered brave by his 
neighbors and his descendants, and that he also needs activity and 
excitement. 
It does not appear that Dr. Jenks had any opportunity personally to 
investigate the head-hunting customs of the Bontoe Igorots. Informa- 
tion received from other sources leads me to believe that the taking of a 
head is of very real assistance to a Bontoc man in making a good match. 
If the heads taken are of so little use, how are we to account for the 
undoubted fact that the cash value of a head in Bontoc was, until recently, 
a hundred pesos, a very large sum among such poor people ? 
The Bontoc warriors are brave men, and instead of murdering their 
victims from ambush, as do the J longots, they not infrequently send 
formal challenges to the enemies with whom they wish to fight. When a 
challenge is accepted, an open attack is made by the inhabitants of one 
