846 
At the present time many of the men have adopted civilized dress. 
Old hats and blue flannel shirts are especially desired. ‘Trousers they 
don with some reluctance. It is considered etiquette for the presidents 
and councilors of the rancherias to wear civilized dress during office 
hours and on state occasions. Many of them discard their trousers as 
soon as these hours are over, and some of them request vacations from 
time to time in order that they may go back to their clouts and “ rest.” 
The Benguet women, unlike those of any other.non-Christian tribe in 
northern Luzon, habitually clothe the entire body. Their working cos- 
tume consists of a skirt reaching to, or a little below, the knee, a long- 
sleeved upper garment and a towel or a piece of cloth coiled about the 
head in the manner of a turban. The poorer women, on state occasions, 
and the wealthier ones when not at work, wear garments of brightly 
colored cloth. Three or four skirts may be superimposed one over 
another, like Japanese kimonos (PI. XIII, fig. 2), and the same holds 
true of the upper garments. From childhood, the Igorot women are ac- 
customed to carry heavy burdens in baskets on their backs. In order to 
save their clothes, when carrying they usually put their upper garments 
on with the back side forward, leaving their backs bare, so that the 
wear from the baskets may come on their skins rather than on their 
much-cherished clothes. Occasionally also, when at work in the fields or 
in the privacy of their homes, they remove their upper garments, which 
are, however, always promptly donned if a stranger appears. 
The men of southern Benguet usually have the hair cut quite short all 
over their heads and often wear pieces of cloth coiled around their heads 
turban fashion. (Pl. VI, figs. 3 and 4; Pl. IX, fig. 6.) The women 
usually bang their hair across their foreheads, but allow the rest of it to 
grow moderately long and to hang down their backs. They almost 
always wear towels or pieces of cloth bound around their heads so as to 
form rude turbans, and if their hair is long enough to cause them an- 
noyance when at work, it may be bound up at such time. (Pl. XVIII, 
figs. 3 and 4; Pl. X XI, fig. 3.) 
Both men and women are sometimes tattooed, the women more fre- 
quently than the men. ‘The tattoo marks are chiefly confined to the hands 
and arms (Pl. XXV, fig. 2), although sometimes they are made upon 
goiters and tumors because of their supposed curative effect. The men 
often have conventional tattoo marks, representing the sun, on the 
backs of their hands. 
They have few ornaments, but sometimes wear earrings of copper, 
silver, or gold, and leglets of copper wire. A few of the men have metal 
pipes, and many of them carry a set of metal toilet articles consisting 
of ear spoons gf different forms and pinchers for pulling hair from the 
face or body. The women have ear-ornaments similar to those of the 
men (Pl. XXV, fig. 3a), and occasionaly bedeck themselves with beads. 
Some of the women of Kabayan have thin bands of solid beaten gold 
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