851 
refused to allow their girls to go to school, but their prejudices have 
now been overcome to some extent and an interesting experiment in the 
education of girls is being conducted at Baguio. 
Tribe VII. THE TINGIANS. 
SYNONYMY. 
APAYAOS. Name applied to the Jingians living in the district of Apayao, 
Cagayan. 
APAYOS. Synonym of Apayaos. 
APOYAOS. Synonym of Apayaos. 
BANAOS. Name applied to the Tingians of the upper Saltan River Valley and 
the rancherias of Guinaan and Balatoe. 
BURICS. Name applied to the Tingians of the Cordillera Central in northern 
Abra. : 
BUSAOS. Name applied to the Tingians of the mountains of Siguey, near 
Benang, Abra. 
ECNIG. Synonym of Itneg. 
GINAN. Synonym of Guinaarfs. 
GUINAANES. ‘The name applied to the Jingians of Guinaan and neighboring 
rancherias. The statement of the Jesuits that these people are Malay-Negritos 
is incorrect. They show no evidences of Negrito blood. 
GUINANES. Synonym of Guinaanes. 
ITANEG. Synonym of [tneg. 
ITAVEG. Synonym of Jtneg. 
ITETAPANES. Said by the Jesuits to be a tribe “contiguous on the south 
with the Igorots of Benguet, on the north with the @uinaanes, and on the west 
with the Busaos.” No such people exist at the present time. In point of fact 
this name was probably applied to the inhabitants of Tetepan. 
ITNEG. The name universally applied by the Tingians to themselves. 
QUINAANES. Synonym of Guinaanes. 
QUINANES. Synonym of Guinanes. 
TINGGIANES. Synonym of Tingians. 
TINGUES. Synonym of Tingians. 
YTATAPANES. Synonym of /tetapanes. 
HABITAT. 
The stronghold of the Tingians is the subprovince of Abra, where they make up 
approximately 50 per cent of the population. Numerous Vingian rancherias are 
found in the eastern mountains and foothills of Nlokos Sur and Ilokos.Norte, and 
the inhabitants of the Ablug River Valley, including the old Spanish comandancias 
of Cabugaon and Apayaos and in general the district which has been known as 
Apayaos, belong to this tribe. It extends south along the eastern slopes of the 
Cordillera Central as far as Dagara. South of this point the Tingians give way 
to the Kalingas, only to reappear again along the headwaters of the Saltan 
River at Sesecan, Balbalasan, Balatoc, and Guinaan. In these latter rancherias 
they have intermarried somewhat with the Kalingas and Bontoe Igorots. There 
are considerable numbers of them in the rancherias of Tiagan, Concepcion, and 
Angaki, in the subprovince of Lepanto, where they are living with Benguet- 
Lepanto Igorots. The same condition of things prevails in the township of Sigay, 
in the subprovince of Amburayan. Finally, there are a number of settlements of 
